Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies

Abstract Background Faecal microbiome and serum metabolome have been studied in human medicine to provide a better understanding of metabolic derangements including diabetes; however, equivalent studies in equine medicine are limited. This was a case–control study conducted to identify differences i...

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Main Authors: Ahmed Saleh Al-Ansari, Vivienne Duggan, Grace Mulcahy, Xiaofei Yin, Lorraine Brennan, Paul D. Cotter, Shriram H. Patel, Ciara M. O’Donovan, Fiona Crispie, Nicola Walshe
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04853-2
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author Ahmed Saleh Al-Ansari
Vivienne Duggan
Grace Mulcahy
Xiaofei Yin
Lorraine Brennan
Paul D. Cotter
Shriram H. Patel
Ciara M. O’Donovan
Fiona Crispie
Nicola Walshe
author_facet Ahmed Saleh Al-Ansari
Vivienne Duggan
Grace Mulcahy
Xiaofei Yin
Lorraine Brennan
Paul D. Cotter
Shriram H. Patel
Ciara M. O’Donovan
Fiona Crispie
Nicola Walshe
author_sort Ahmed Saleh Al-Ansari
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Faecal microbiome and serum metabolome have been studied in human medicine to provide a better understanding of metabolic derangements including diabetes; however, equivalent studies in equine medicine are limited. This was a case–control study conducted to identify differences in faecal microbiota composition and concurrent serum metabolite patterns between metabolically normal Connemara ponies and those with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). Thirty privately owned Connemara ponies (15 EMS and 15 controls) were included in the study. EMS was diagnosed by oral sugar test (OST). Blood samples were collected before and after an oral sugar challenge. One concurrent faecal sample was collected from each pony. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was used to identify the microbial communities in faecal samples and assess the differences in microbial profiles between groups. Serum metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Finally, multi-omics analysis was conducted by integration of microbiota-metabolome datasets to determine potential associations between metabolites and microbiota in EMS. Results The faecal microbiota community composition was significantly different between EMS and control groups (p = 0.04 and r 2 = 4.3%). EMS ponies showed reduced species richness and evenness compared to normal ponies, however it did not reach significant difference. The EMS ponies showed an enrichment of serum metabolites belonging to triglycerides (TGs), along with a reduction of other metabolite classes. Integrative multi-omics analysis revealed two modules in the metabolome and microbiota datasets that were significantly different between the EMS and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that concurrent faecal microbiota and serum metabolome features significantly differ between Connemara ponies with and without EMS. These results provide insights that may assist in the search for diagnostic markers associated with microbiota changes and novel preventative management methods to manipulate microbiota in horses with EMS.
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spelling doaj-art-43f31af0132c42d7b4dbfd0eebc7a4852025-08-20T03:03:33ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-07-0121111510.1186/s12917-025-04853-2Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara poniesAhmed Saleh Al-Ansari0Vivienne Duggan1Grace Mulcahy2Xiaofei Yin3Lorraine Brennan4Paul D. Cotter5Shriram H. Patel6Ciara M. O’Donovan7Fiona Crispie8Nicola Walshe9College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversitySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University College DublinSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University College DublinConway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular ResearchConway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular ResearchSeqBiome LtdSeqBiome LtdSeqBiome LtdTeagasc Food Research CentreSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University College DublinAbstract Background Faecal microbiome and serum metabolome have been studied in human medicine to provide a better understanding of metabolic derangements including diabetes; however, equivalent studies in equine medicine are limited. This was a case–control study conducted to identify differences in faecal microbiota composition and concurrent serum metabolite patterns between metabolically normal Connemara ponies and those with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). Thirty privately owned Connemara ponies (15 EMS and 15 controls) were included in the study. EMS was diagnosed by oral sugar test (OST). Blood samples were collected before and after an oral sugar challenge. One concurrent faecal sample was collected from each pony. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was used to identify the microbial communities in faecal samples and assess the differences in microbial profiles between groups. Serum metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Finally, multi-omics analysis was conducted by integration of microbiota-metabolome datasets to determine potential associations between metabolites and microbiota in EMS. Results The faecal microbiota community composition was significantly different between EMS and control groups (p = 0.04 and r 2 = 4.3%). EMS ponies showed reduced species richness and evenness compared to normal ponies, however it did not reach significant difference. The EMS ponies showed an enrichment of serum metabolites belonging to triglycerides (TGs), along with a reduction of other metabolite classes. Integrative multi-omics analysis revealed two modules in the metabolome and microbiota datasets that were significantly different between the EMS and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that concurrent faecal microbiota and serum metabolome features significantly differ between Connemara ponies with and without EMS. These results provide insights that may assist in the search for diagnostic markers associated with microbiota changes and novel preventative management methods to manipulate microbiota in horses with EMS.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04853-2Connemara ponyEMSSerum metabolomeFaecal microbiotaMulti-omics
spellingShingle Ahmed Saleh Al-Ansari
Vivienne Duggan
Grace Mulcahy
Xiaofei Yin
Lorraine Brennan
Paul D. Cotter
Shriram H. Patel
Ciara M. O’Donovan
Fiona Crispie
Nicola Walshe
Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies
BMC Veterinary Research
Connemara pony
EMS
Serum metabolome
Faecal microbiota
Multi-omics
title Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies
title_full Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies
title_fullStr Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies
title_full_unstemmed Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies
title_short Faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies
title_sort faecal microbiota and serum metabolome association with equine metabolic syndrome in connemara ponies
topic Connemara pony
EMS
Serum metabolome
Faecal microbiota
Multi-omics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04853-2
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