Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategies

This study highlights the significant ocular complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly its impact on the retina. Historically, HIV infection frequently resulted in severe retinal infections, such as Cytomegalovirus retinitis. However, with the widespread adoption...

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Main Authors: Hou-Ting Kuo, Hsin Tseng, Alan Y. Hsu, Bing-Qi Wu, Ning-Yi Hsia, Chun-Ju Lin, John Gonzales
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00160
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author Hou-Ting Kuo
Hsin Tseng
Alan Y. Hsu
Bing-Qi Wu
Ning-Yi Hsia
Chun-Ju Lin
John Gonzales
author_facet Hou-Ting Kuo
Hsin Tseng
Alan Y. Hsu
Bing-Qi Wu
Ning-Yi Hsia
Chun-Ju Lin
John Gonzales
author_sort Hou-Ting Kuo
collection DOAJ
description This study highlights the significant ocular complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly its impact on the retina. Historically, HIV infection frequently resulted in severe retinal infections, such as Cytomegalovirus retinitis. However, with the widespread adoption of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of these infections has significantly declined. Despite this progress, unresolved challenges in treatment approaches remain. In addition, HIV is known to cause nonopportunistic ocular conditions, such as optic neuropathy, immune recovery uveitis, and HIV-associated retinopathy, which require further clinical attention. In addition, we conducted an in-depth discussion on the phenomenon of early senescence in HIV patients. With the widespread adoption of optical coherence tomography angiography, this technology has enabled us to detect subtle changes associated with early senescence at an earlier stage. In this review, we conducted an extensive literature search to consolidate current evidence on the ophthalmic manifestations of HIV, particularly among patients in Taiwan. By synthesizing this information, we aim to highlight areas for improvement in clinical practice and offer insights into optimizing care for HIV patients with ocular complications.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
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series Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
spelling doaj-art-43f14eba97aa40cbb76a2cd09f0d37062025-08-20T03:16:11ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsTaiwan Journal of Ophthalmology2211-50562211-50722025-04-0115221822410.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00160Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategiesHou-Ting KuoHsin TsengAlan Y. HsuBing-Qi WuNing-Yi HsiaChun-Ju LinJohn GonzalesThis study highlights the significant ocular complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly its impact on the retina. Historically, HIV infection frequently resulted in severe retinal infections, such as Cytomegalovirus retinitis. However, with the widespread adoption of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of these infections has significantly declined. Despite this progress, unresolved challenges in treatment approaches remain. In addition, HIV is known to cause nonopportunistic ocular conditions, such as optic neuropathy, immune recovery uveitis, and HIV-associated retinopathy, which require further clinical attention. In addition, we conducted an in-depth discussion on the phenomenon of early senescence in HIV patients. With the widespread adoption of optical coherence tomography angiography, this technology has enabled us to detect subtle changes associated with early senescence at an earlier stage. In this review, we conducted an extensive literature search to consolidate current evidence on the ophthalmic manifestations of HIV, particularly among patients in Taiwan. By synthesizing this information, we aim to highlight areas for improvement in clinical practice and offer insights into optimizing care for HIV patients with ocular complications.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00160cytomegalovirushuman immunodeficiency virusocular involvementretinopathy
spellingShingle Hou-Ting Kuo
Hsin Tseng
Alan Y. Hsu
Bing-Qi Wu
Ning-Yi Hsia
Chun-Ju Lin
John Gonzales
Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategies
Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
cytomegalovirus
human immunodeficiency virus
ocular involvement
retinopathy
title Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategies
title_full Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategies
title_fullStr Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategies
title_full_unstemmed Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategies
title_short Human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy: Clinical spectrum and management strategies
title_sort human immunodeficiency virus ocular involvement and retinopathy clinical spectrum and management strategies
topic cytomegalovirus
human immunodeficiency virus
ocular involvement
retinopathy
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00160
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