Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> Detection

Herein, a facile strategy was proposed to enhance the gas sensing performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> for H<sub>2</sub> by regulating its crystalline phase composition. Sn-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) precursors with different morphologies were synthesized by introducing...

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Main Authors: Manyi Liu, Liang Wang, Shan Ren, Bofeng Bai, Shouning Chai, Chi He, Chunli Zheng, Xinzhe Li, Xitao Yin, Chunbao Charles Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Chemosensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/5/192
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author Manyi Liu
Liang Wang
Shan Ren
Bofeng Bai
Shouning Chai
Chi He
Chunli Zheng
Xinzhe Li
Xitao Yin
Chunbao Charles Xu
author_facet Manyi Liu
Liang Wang
Shan Ren
Bofeng Bai
Shouning Chai
Chi He
Chunli Zheng
Xinzhe Li
Xitao Yin
Chunbao Charles Xu
author_sort Manyi Liu
collection DOAJ
description Herein, a facile strategy was proposed to enhance the gas sensing performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> for H<sub>2</sub> by regulating its crystalline phase composition. Sn-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) precursors with different morphologies were synthesized by introducing the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Upon calcination, these precursors yielded either mixed-phase (orthorhombic and tetragonal, SnO<sub>2</sub>-C) or single-phase (pure tetragonal, SnO<sub>2</sub>-NC) SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Structural characterization and gas sensing tests revealed that SnO<sub>2</sub>-C exhibited a high response of 7.73 to 100 ppm H<sub>2</sub> at 280 °C, more than twice that of SnO<sub>2</sub>-NC (3.75). Moreover, SnO<sub>2</sub>-C demonstrated a faster response/recovery time (10/56 s), high selectivity, a ppb-level detection limit (~79 ppb), and excellent long-term stability. Notably, although the addition of CTAB reduced the specific surface area of SnO<sub>2</sub>, the resulting lower surface area minimized oxygen exposure during calcination, facilitating the formation of a mixed-phase heterostructure. In addition, the calcination atmosphere of SnO<sub>2</sub>-C (flowing air or Ar) was adjusted to further investigate the role of the crystal phase in gas sensing performance. The results clearly demonstrated that mixed-phase SnO<sub>2</sub> exhibited superior sensing performance, achieving a higher sensitivity and a faster response to H<sub>2</sub>. These findings underscored the critical role of crystal phase engineering in the design of high-performance gas sensing materials.
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spelling doaj-art-43ea0fe4313a4a24bf3eb648c8ed4ff62025-08-20T03:47:49ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402025-05-0113519210.3390/chemosensors13050192Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> DetectionManyi Liu0Liang Wang1Shan Ren2Bofeng Bai3Shouning Chai4Chi He5Chunli Zheng6Xinzhe Li7Xitao Yin8Chunbao Charles Xu9College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaHerein, a facile strategy was proposed to enhance the gas sensing performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> for H<sub>2</sub> by regulating its crystalline phase composition. Sn-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) precursors with different morphologies were synthesized by introducing the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Upon calcination, these precursors yielded either mixed-phase (orthorhombic and tetragonal, SnO<sub>2</sub>-C) or single-phase (pure tetragonal, SnO<sub>2</sub>-NC) SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Structural characterization and gas sensing tests revealed that SnO<sub>2</sub>-C exhibited a high response of 7.73 to 100 ppm H<sub>2</sub> at 280 °C, more than twice that of SnO<sub>2</sub>-NC (3.75). Moreover, SnO<sub>2</sub>-C demonstrated a faster response/recovery time (10/56 s), high selectivity, a ppb-level detection limit (~79 ppb), and excellent long-term stability. Notably, although the addition of CTAB reduced the specific surface area of SnO<sub>2</sub>, the resulting lower surface area minimized oxygen exposure during calcination, facilitating the formation of a mixed-phase heterostructure. In addition, the calcination atmosphere of SnO<sub>2</sub>-C (flowing air or Ar) was adjusted to further investigate the role of the crystal phase in gas sensing performance. The results clearly demonstrated that mixed-phase SnO<sub>2</sub> exhibited superior sensing performance, achieving a higher sensitivity and a faster response to H<sub>2</sub>. These findings underscored the critical role of crystal phase engineering in the design of high-performance gas sensing materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/5/192Sn-MOFgas sensingCTABSnO<sub>2</sub> crystal phasesH<sub>2</sub> detection
spellingShingle Manyi Liu
Liang Wang
Shan Ren
Bofeng Bai
Shouning Chai
Chi He
Chunli Zheng
Xinzhe Li
Xitao Yin
Chunbao Charles Xu
Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> Detection
Chemosensors
Sn-MOF
gas sensing
CTAB
SnO<sub>2</sub> crystal phases
H<sub>2</sub> detection
title Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> Detection
title_full Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> Detection
title_fullStr Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> Detection
title_full_unstemmed Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> Detection
title_short Effect of CTAB on the Morphology of Sn-MOF and the Gas Sensing Performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> with Different Crystal Phases for H<sub>2</sub> Detection
title_sort effect of ctab on the morphology of sn mof and the gas sensing performance of sno sub 2 sub with different crystal phases for h sub 2 sub detection
topic Sn-MOF
gas sensing
CTAB
SnO<sub>2</sub> crystal phases
H<sub>2</sub> detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/5/192
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