Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction

Estrogens modulate immune responses, particularly the activation and polarization of CD4+ T cells, which play key roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. This proof-of-concept study investigated the effect of menopausal status on the polarization of T-helper (Th) cells in women with acute myocardial i...

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Main Authors: Fernanda Espinosa-Bautista, Varna Ramos-Rosillo, Yadira V´ázquez-Panchos, Fernanda Bocanegra-Zamora, Héctor González-Pacheco, Mariana Patlán, Araceli Páez, Felipe Massó, Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Association of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2025-05-01
Series:Biomolecules & Biomedicine
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Online Access:https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/12354
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author Fernanda Espinosa-Bautista
Varna Ramos-Rosillo
Yadira V´ázquez-Panchos
Fernanda Bocanegra-Zamora
Héctor González-Pacheco
Mariana Patlán
Araceli Páez
Felipe Massó
Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
author_facet Fernanda Espinosa-Bautista
Varna Ramos-Rosillo
Yadira V´ázquez-Panchos
Fernanda Bocanegra-Zamora
Héctor González-Pacheco
Mariana Patlán
Araceli Páez
Felipe Massó
Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
author_sort Fernanda Espinosa-Bautista
collection DOAJ
description Estrogens modulate immune responses, particularly the activation and polarization of CD4+ T cells, which play key roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. This proof-of-concept study investigated the effect of menopausal status on the polarization of T-helper (Th) cells in women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 41 female AMI patients were enrolled—7 premenopausal and 34 postmenopausal—and compared with a group of 17 male AMI patients. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD4+ T-cell subsets, including Th1 (T-bet+), Th2 (GATA3+), and Th17 (RORγt+) phenotypes. Serum levels of representative cytokines were also measured. Women exhibited higher numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells compared to men, with a marked shift toward the Th1 phenotype. Postmenopausal women demonstrated increased cardiovascular risk, as indicated by higher QRISK3 and GRACE scores, as well as elevated levels of C-reactive protein and cardiac troponin T compared to premenopausal women. However, menopausal status had minimal impact on Th cell polarization, as no significant differences were observed in the proportions of Th1, Th2, or Th17 subsets between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Similarly, levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were comparable between the two groups. This proof-of-concept study highlights sex-specific differences in immune responses and inflammatory profiles during AMI. Women exhibited a stronger polarization toward the Th1 phenotype, along with elevated markers of inflammation and myocardial injury. Notably, menopausal status did not significantly affect lymphocyte subpopulations or circulating cytokine levels.
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spelling doaj-art-43dd0b85e0064ddb9ed3bf5f9167bb162025-08-20T03:22:21ZengAssociation of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBiomolecules & Biomedicine2831-08962831-090X2025-05-0110.17305/bb.2025.12354Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarctionFernanda Espinosa-Bautista0Varna Ramos-Rosillo1Yadira V´ázquez-Panchos2Fernanda Bocanegra-Zamora3https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4475-6172Héctor González-Pacheco4Mariana Patlán5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-7388Araceli Páez6Felipe Massó7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-3367Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra8Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoImmunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoImmunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoImmunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoCoronary Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoBasic Research Sub directorate, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoUNAM/INC Translational Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoUNAM/INC Translational Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoImmunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico; Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico Estrogens modulate immune responses, particularly the activation and polarization of CD4+ T cells, which play key roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. This proof-of-concept study investigated the effect of menopausal status on the polarization of T-helper (Th) cells in women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 41 female AMI patients were enrolled—7 premenopausal and 34 postmenopausal—and compared with a group of 17 male AMI patients. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD4+ T-cell subsets, including Th1 (T-bet+), Th2 (GATA3+), and Th17 (RORγt+) phenotypes. Serum levels of representative cytokines were also measured. Women exhibited higher numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells compared to men, with a marked shift toward the Th1 phenotype. Postmenopausal women demonstrated increased cardiovascular risk, as indicated by higher QRISK3 and GRACE scores, as well as elevated levels of C-reactive protein and cardiac troponin T compared to premenopausal women. However, menopausal status had minimal impact on Th cell polarization, as no significant differences were observed in the proportions of Th1, Th2, or Th17 subsets between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Similarly, levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were comparable between the two groups. This proof-of-concept study highlights sex-specific differences in immune responses and inflammatory profiles during AMI. Women exhibited a stronger polarization toward the Th1 phenotype, along with elevated markers of inflammation and myocardial injury. Notably, menopausal status did not significantly affect lymphocyte subpopulations or circulating cytokine levels. https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/12354Myocardial infarctionT-helper cellsmenopause inflammation
spellingShingle Fernanda Espinosa-Bautista
Varna Ramos-Rosillo
Yadira V´ázquez-Panchos
Fernanda Bocanegra-Zamora
Héctor González-Pacheco
Mariana Patlán
Araceli Páez
Felipe Massó
Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction
Biomolecules & Biomedicine
Myocardial infarction
T-helper cells
menopause
inflammation
title Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction
title_full Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction
title_fullStr Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction
title_full_unstemmed Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction
title_short Influence of menopause status on T-helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction
title_sort influence of menopause status on t helper cell profiles in acute myocardial infarction
topic Myocardial infarction
T-helper cells
menopause
inflammation
url https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/12354
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