Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures

A 50-year-old female patient sustained bilateral tibiofibular fractures due to a traffic accident and underwent open external fixation surgery on both lower limbs. Postoperatively, she reported severe pain (VAS ≥ 8). The patient had no significant underlying medical conditions or contraindications t...

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Main Authors: Qi Li, Donglin Zhao, Shuyang Zhang, Xinyu Du, Ning Ding, Zheng Xing, Xiaolei Chu, Weiguo Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1586632/full
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author Qi Li
Donglin Zhao
Shuyang Zhang
Xinyu Du
Ning Ding
Zheng Xing
Xiaolei Chu
Weiguo Xu
author_facet Qi Li
Donglin Zhao
Shuyang Zhang
Xinyu Du
Ning Ding
Zheng Xing
Xiaolei Chu
Weiguo Xu
author_sort Qi Li
collection DOAJ
description A 50-year-old female patient sustained bilateral tibiofibular fractures due to a traffic accident and underwent open external fixation surgery on both lower limbs. Postoperatively, she reported severe pain (VAS ≥ 8). The patient had no significant underlying medical conditions or contraindications to vagal nerve stimulation. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS)—a non-invasive modality that activates vagal pathways to modulate sympathetic-parasympathetic balance, suppress inflammation, and inhibit pain signaling—was trialed as an adjunctive analgesic intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV) was incorporated as an objective biomarker to quantify dynamic changes in autonomic function and their association with pain relief. After stabilization, taVNS was administered continuously for two weeks. Parameters monitored included immediate pressure pain thresholds (PPT) during intervention, daily postoperative analgesic consumption, and pre-/post-intervention Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores. Dynamic electrocardiography was used to record HRV parameters (HR, SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF/HF). Post-intervention, the patient demonstrated significant reductions in VAS scores, a progressive increase in PPT, and alleviated anxiety. HRV analysis revealed enhanced parasympathetic activity and improved sympathovagal balance. This case suggests that taVNS may effectively alleviate acute postoperative pain by modulating autonomic function. Dynamic HRV monitoring provided objective evidence of pain-autonomic nervous system interactions, supporting taVNS as a complementary strategy for postoperative pain management. However, as a single-case report, this study has limited sample size, necessitating further large-scale randomized controlled trials to validate these findings.
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spelling doaj-art-43dbd670e0964647b4fc1bcb3adf97542025-08-20T03:31:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-07-011910.3389/fnins.2025.15866321586632Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fracturesQi Li0Donglin Zhao1Shuyang Zhang2Xinyu Du3Ning Ding4Zheng Xing5Xiaolei Chu6Weiguo Xu7Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaA 50-year-old female patient sustained bilateral tibiofibular fractures due to a traffic accident and underwent open external fixation surgery on both lower limbs. Postoperatively, she reported severe pain (VAS ≥ 8). The patient had no significant underlying medical conditions or contraindications to vagal nerve stimulation. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS)—a non-invasive modality that activates vagal pathways to modulate sympathetic-parasympathetic balance, suppress inflammation, and inhibit pain signaling—was trialed as an adjunctive analgesic intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV) was incorporated as an objective biomarker to quantify dynamic changes in autonomic function and their association with pain relief. After stabilization, taVNS was administered continuously for two weeks. Parameters monitored included immediate pressure pain thresholds (PPT) during intervention, daily postoperative analgesic consumption, and pre-/post-intervention Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores. Dynamic electrocardiography was used to record HRV parameters (HR, SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF/HF). Post-intervention, the patient demonstrated significant reductions in VAS scores, a progressive increase in PPT, and alleviated anxiety. HRV analysis revealed enhanced parasympathetic activity and improved sympathovagal balance. This case suggests that taVNS may effectively alleviate acute postoperative pain by modulating autonomic function. Dynamic HRV monitoring provided objective evidence of pain-autonomic nervous system interactions, supporting taVNS as a complementary strategy for postoperative pain management. However, as a single-case report, this study has limited sample size, necessitating further large-scale randomized controlled trials to validate these findings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1586632/fullpostoperative tibiofibular fractureacute paintranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve electrical stimulationanalgesiapain mangement
spellingShingle Qi Li
Donglin Zhao
Shuyang Zhang
Xinyu Du
Ning Ding
Zheng Xing
Xiaolei Chu
Weiguo Xu
Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures
Frontiers in Neuroscience
postoperative tibiofibular fracture
acute pain
transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve electrical stimulation
analgesia
pain mangement
title Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures
title_full Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures
title_fullStr Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures
title_short Case Report: Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures
title_sort case report effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on acute pain after external fixation for bilateral open tibiofibular fractures
topic postoperative tibiofibular fracture
acute pain
transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve electrical stimulation
analgesia
pain mangement
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1586632/full
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