Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national survey

Abstract Background Maternal health remains a critical public health concern in Ghana, with significant disparities in healthcare access between rural and urban areas. Women in rural regions face a higher risk of maternal mortality, preterm births, and pregnancy complications due to limited health c...

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Main Authors: Omid Dadras, Augustus Osborne, Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Discover Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00441-9
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author Omid Dadras
Augustus Osborne
Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
author_facet Omid Dadras
Augustus Osborne
Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
author_sort Omid Dadras
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Maternal health remains a critical public health concern in Ghana, with significant disparities in healthcare access between rural and urban areas. Women in rural regions face a higher risk of maternal mortality, preterm births, and pregnancy complications due to limited health care services. Migration patterns further exacerbate these issues by disrupting access to essential reproductive and maternal services. While some women travel specifically for medical care and later returned, others migrate due to family-related reasons.This study investigates the association between migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare services among Ghanaian women aged 15–49. Methods Data from the 2022 Ghana Demographic Health Survey was used for this study. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare services. Results There was no significant association between the migration stream and unmet family planning needs in both unadjusted and adjusted logistic models. The odds of adequate antenatal care were higher among rural to urban, urban to urban, and urban non-migrants than rural non-migrants. In the adjusted model, however, it only remained significant for rural to urban migrants. The odds of institutional delivery were significantly higher among rural to urban and urban to rural migrants than rural non-migrants. However, in the adjusted model, the odds of institutional delivery only remained significant for urban to urban, rural to urban, and urban non-migrants. Conclusion Migration patterns are associated with access to reproductive and maternity healthcare in Ghana. Women who migrate from urban to urban areas experience the most significant improvement in accessing antenatal care and institutional delivery services. Regardless of migration history, urban residents have better access than rural non-migrants. To improve maternal healthcare, the government should enhance rural healthcare infrastructure and staffing, support rural to urban migrants in navigating urban healthcare, and implement comprehensive maternity education campaigns for all women.
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spelling doaj-art-43d9678b4b9d4ff288ba06990e970edf2025-08-20T03:05:56ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-03-0122111010.1186/s12982-025-00441-9Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national surveyOmid Dadras0Augustus Osborne1Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah2Abdul-Aziz Seidu3Bright Opoku Ahinkorah4Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of TurkuDepartment of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, PMB, Njala UniversityDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska InstitutetCentre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical UniversityREMS Consultancy Services LimitedAbstract Background Maternal health remains a critical public health concern in Ghana, with significant disparities in healthcare access between rural and urban areas. Women in rural regions face a higher risk of maternal mortality, preterm births, and pregnancy complications due to limited health care services. Migration patterns further exacerbate these issues by disrupting access to essential reproductive and maternal services. While some women travel specifically for medical care and later returned, others migrate due to family-related reasons.This study investigates the association between migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare services among Ghanaian women aged 15–49. Methods Data from the 2022 Ghana Demographic Health Survey was used for this study. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare services. Results There was no significant association between the migration stream and unmet family planning needs in both unadjusted and adjusted logistic models. The odds of adequate antenatal care were higher among rural to urban, urban to urban, and urban non-migrants than rural non-migrants. In the adjusted model, however, it only remained significant for rural to urban migrants. The odds of institutional delivery were significantly higher among rural to urban and urban to rural migrants than rural non-migrants. However, in the adjusted model, the odds of institutional delivery only remained significant for urban to urban, rural to urban, and urban non-migrants. Conclusion Migration patterns are associated with access to reproductive and maternity healthcare in Ghana. Women who migrate from urban to urban areas experience the most significant improvement in accessing antenatal care and institutional delivery services. Regardless of migration history, urban residents have better access than rural non-migrants. To improve maternal healthcare, the government should enhance rural healthcare infrastructure and staffing, support rural to urban migrants in navigating urban healthcare, and implement comprehensive maternity education campaigns for all women.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00441-9Internal migrationReproductive healthMaternity careGhanaWomen
spellingShingle Omid Dadras
Augustus Osborne
Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national survey
Discover Public Health
Internal migration
Reproductive health
Maternity care
Ghana
Women
title Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national survey
title_full Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national survey
title_fullStr Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national survey
title_full_unstemmed Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national survey
title_short Migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15–49 years in Ghana: insights from a population-based national survey
title_sort migration patterns and access to reproductive and maternal healthcare among women aged 15 49 years in ghana insights from a population based national survey
topic Internal migration
Reproductive health
Maternity care
Ghana
Women
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00441-9
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