Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes fever, coughing, and sneezing in dogs and is continuously circulating in canine populations. Tetherin is an antiviral host restriction factor mediated by interferon, capable of inhibiting the release of enveloped viruses from infecte...

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Main Authors: Jiajun Ou, Yixin Dai, Yujie Jiang, Lingzhi Dai, Liang Xu, Gang Lu, Gaoming Lou, Shoujun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1560273/full
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author Jiajun Ou
Jiajun Ou
Jiajun Ou
Yixin Dai
Yujie Jiang
Lingzhi Dai
Liang Xu
Gang Lu
Gaoming Lou
Shoujun Li
author_facet Jiajun Ou
Jiajun Ou
Jiajun Ou
Yixin Dai
Yujie Jiang
Lingzhi Dai
Liang Xu
Gang Lu
Gaoming Lou
Shoujun Li
author_sort Jiajun Ou
collection DOAJ
description Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes fever, coughing, and sneezing in dogs and is continuously circulating in canine populations. Tetherin is an antiviral host restriction factor mediated by interferon, capable of inhibiting the release of enveloped viruses from infected cells. The antiviral mechanism of tetherin is mainly due to its unusual topology, which includes a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail (CT), a transmembrane (TM) domain, a coiled-coil extra-cellular region (CC), and a C-terminal glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI). Previous studies have found that canine tetherin has the ability to limit the release of CIV, but its main antiviral domain remains unclear. In the present study, the potential CT, TM, CC, and GPI domains of canine tetherin were predicted through systemic bioinformatic analysis, and mutational variants of canine tetherin based on the four domains were constructed. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the CT, TM, and CC domains are critical for the cell membrane localization of canine tetherin. The results of in vitro CIV infection experiments showed that the TM region is a critical functional domain of canine tetherin in limiting the replication of CIV. Our study will help better understand the antiviral activity of canine tetherin and the role of the structural domains of canine tetherin in inhibiting the replication of CIV.
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spelling doaj-art-43d571c8f9d141e9bae606d9e2c8102f2025-08-20T01:52:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-05-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15602731560273Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virusJiajun Ou0Jiajun Ou1Jiajun Ou2Yixin Dai3Yujie Jiang4Lingzhi Dai5Liang Xu6Gang Lu7Gaoming Lou8Shoujun Li9College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaHenry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaHenry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCanine influenza virus (CIV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes fever, coughing, and sneezing in dogs and is continuously circulating in canine populations. Tetherin is an antiviral host restriction factor mediated by interferon, capable of inhibiting the release of enveloped viruses from infected cells. The antiviral mechanism of tetherin is mainly due to its unusual topology, which includes a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail (CT), a transmembrane (TM) domain, a coiled-coil extra-cellular region (CC), and a C-terminal glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI). Previous studies have found that canine tetherin has the ability to limit the release of CIV, but its main antiviral domain remains unclear. In the present study, the potential CT, TM, CC, and GPI domains of canine tetherin were predicted through systemic bioinformatic analysis, and mutational variants of canine tetherin based on the four domains were constructed. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the CT, TM, and CC domains are critical for the cell membrane localization of canine tetherin. The results of in vitro CIV infection experiments showed that the TM region is a critical functional domain of canine tetherin in limiting the replication of CIV. Our study will help better understand the antiviral activity of canine tetherin and the role of the structural domains of canine tetherin in inhibiting the replication of CIV.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1560273/fulltetherincanine influenza virusantiviral activityfunctional domaininfluenza A virus
spellingShingle Jiajun Ou
Jiajun Ou
Jiajun Ou
Yixin Dai
Yujie Jiang
Lingzhi Dai
Liang Xu
Gang Lu
Gaoming Lou
Shoujun Li
Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
tetherin
canine influenza virus
antiviral activity
functional domain
influenza A virus
title Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus
title_full Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus
title_fullStr Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus
title_full_unstemmed Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus
title_short Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus
title_sort identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus
topic tetherin
canine influenza virus
antiviral activity
functional domain
influenza A virus
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1560273/full
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