Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of Korea

In this study, diurnal characteristics and long-term changes in extreme precipitation (PR) in the Republic of Korea (KR) are investigated. Hourly PR data from 59 ASOS stations across the country over a 50-year period (1973–2022) are used. The focus is on the summer season (June to September), during...

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Main Authors: Do-Hyun Kim, Jin-Uk Kim, Jaekwan Shim, Chu-Yong Chung, Kyung-On Boo, Sungbo Shim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/780
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author Do-Hyun Kim
Jin-Uk Kim
Jaekwan Shim
Chu-Yong Chung
Kyung-On Boo
Sungbo Shim
author_facet Do-Hyun Kim
Jin-Uk Kim
Jaekwan Shim
Chu-Yong Chung
Kyung-On Boo
Sungbo Shim
author_sort Do-Hyun Kim
collection DOAJ
description In this study, diurnal characteristics and long-term changes in extreme precipitation (PR) in the Republic of Korea (KR) are investigated. Hourly PR data from 59 ASOS stations across the country over a 50-year period (1973–2022) are used. The focus is on the summer season (June to September), during which extreme PR frequently occurs. During the period 1973–1997 (FP), both the amount and frequency of extreme PR events peak between 01 and 09 LST. In contrast, during the period 1998–2022 (LP), a notable increase in extreme PR and its frequency is observed between 04 and 12 LST, with the peak occurrence hours shifting to this time frame. An analysis of atmospheric variables related to extreme PR is conducted for the 04–12 LST time frame. Compared to all PR events during the summer season, a low-level low-pressure anomaly is found west of the KR, leading to southerly winds and positive specific humidity anomalies over the south of the KR. Relative to the FP period, both the amplitude and frequency of high water vapor content have increased during the LP period. This intensified moisture may be associated with the observed increase in extreme PR during 04–12 LST. However, no significant changes are found in the strength and frequency of the southerly wind.
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spelling doaj-art-43bfc8013a044e60912aa33ee4d2db7e2025-08-20T03:13:36ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-06-0116778010.3390/atmos16070780Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of KoreaDo-Hyun Kim0Jin-Uk Kim1Jaekwan Shim2Chu-Yong Chung3Kyung-On Boo4Sungbo Shim5Climate Change Research Team, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seogwipo 63568, Republic of KoreaClimate Change Research Team, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seogwipo 63568, Republic of KoreaClimate Change Research Team, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seogwipo 63568, Republic of KoreaClimate Change Research Team, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seogwipo 63568, Republic of KoreaClimate Change Research Team, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seogwipo 63568, Republic of KoreaClimate Crisis Cooperation Division, Climate Science Bureau, Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), Daejoen 35208, Republic of KoreaIn this study, diurnal characteristics and long-term changes in extreme precipitation (PR) in the Republic of Korea (KR) are investigated. Hourly PR data from 59 ASOS stations across the country over a 50-year period (1973–2022) are used. The focus is on the summer season (June to September), during which extreme PR frequently occurs. During the period 1973–1997 (FP), both the amount and frequency of extreme PR events peak between 01 and 09 LST. In contrast, during the period 1998–2022 (LP), a notable increase in extreme PR and its frequency is observed between 04 and 12 LST, with the peak occurrence hours shifting to this time frame. An analysis of atmospheric variables related to extreme PR is conducted for the 04–12 LST time frame. Compared to all PR events during the summer season, a low-level low-pressure anomaly is found west of the KR, leading to southerly winds and positive specific humidity anomalies over the south of the KR. Relative to the FP period, both the amplitude and frequency of high water vapor content have increased during the LP period. This intensified moisture may be associated with the observed increase in extreme PR during 04–12 LST. However, no significant changes are found in the strength and frequency of the southerly wind.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/780extreme precipitationdiurnal characteristicslong-term changes
spellingShingle Do-Hyun Kim
Jin-Uk Kim
Jaekwan Shim
Chu-Yong Chung
Kyung-On Boo
Sungbo Shim
Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of Korea
Atmosphere
extreme precipitation
diurnal characteristics
long-term changes
title Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of Korea
title_full Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of Korea
title_fullStr Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of Korea
title_full_unstemmed Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of Korea
title_short Diurnal Characteristics and Long-Term Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Republic of Korea
title_sort diurnal characteristics and long term changes in extreme precipitation in the republic of korea
topic extreme precipitation
diurnal characteristics
long-term changes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/780
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