The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent virus responsible for nearly all cervical cancer cases, a major health issue worldwide, including in Japan. With over 12,000 cases of cervical cancer and 4,213 related deaths annually in Japan, effective prevention through vaccination is essential. The 9-val...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2489301 |
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| author | Wongyeong Choi Eunha Shim |
| author_facet | Wongyeong Choi Eunha Shim |
| author_sort | Wongyeong Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent virus responsible for nearly all cervical cancer cases, a major health issue worldwide, including in Japan. With over 12,000 cases of cervical cancer and 4,213 related deaths annually in Japan, effective prevention through vaccination is essential. The 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine provides broader protection against high-risk HPV types (HPV-31, -33, -45, -52, -58) compared to the bivalent and quadrivalent (4vHPV) vaccines. This study evaluates the public health impact of both girls-only and gender-neutral vaccination strategies using 9vHPV and 4vHPV vaccines in Japan. A dynamic transmission model, calibrated with Japanese population data, was used to project cervical cancer and genital wart outcomes over 100 years. Vaccination scenarios included no vaccination, girls-only and gender-neutral vaccination with both 4vHPV and 9vHPV vaccines. Results show that switching to the 9vHPV vaccine significantly reduces cervical cancer incidence and mortality compared to 4vHPV, particularly in gender-neutral strategies. The 9vHPV vaccine was projected to prevent an additional 857,549 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) and 43,799 cervical cancer deaths in a girls-only vaccination strategy compared to the 4vHPV vaccine, over a 100-y period. Gender-neutral vaccination with the 9vHPV further amplifies these benefits, with a faster reduction in HPV-related diseases for both genders. Even under conservative assumptions of 20-y vaccine protection, 9vHPV outperformed 4vHPV in all scenarios. These findings support switching to the 9vHPV vaccine and expanding the National Immunization Program to include boys to achieve long-term HPV control, reduce HPV-related cancers, and improve public health outcomes in Japan. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-43bf6a2884c8433bb23ededc5d0bc1d5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2164-5515 2164-554X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-43bf6a2884c8433bb23ededc5d0bc1d52025-08-20T02:16:50ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2025-12-0121110.1080/21645515.2025.2489301The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in JapanWongyeong Choi0Eunha Shim1Department of Mathematics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mathematics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent virus responsible for nearly all cervical cancer cases, a major health issue worldwide, including in Japan. With over 12,000 cases of cervical cancer and 4,213 related deaths annually in Japan, effective prevention through vaccination is essential. The 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine provides broader protection against high-risk HPV types (HPV-31, -33, -45, -52, -58) compared to the bivalent and quadrivalent (4vHPV) vaccines. This study evaluates the public health impact of both girls-only and gender-neutral vaccination strategies using 9vHPV and 4vHPV vaccines in Japan. A dynamic transmission model, calibrated with Japanese population data, was used to project cervical cancer and genital wart outcomes over 100 years. Vaccination scenarios included no vaccination, girls-only and gender-neutral vaccination with both 4vHPV and 9vHPV vaccines. Results show that switching to the 9vHPV vaccine significantly reduces cervical cancer incidence and mortality compared to 4vHPV, particularly in gender-neutral strategies. The 9vHPV vaccine was projected to prevent an additional 857,549 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) and 43,799 cervical cancer deaths in a girls-only vaccination strategy compared to the 4vHPV vaccine, over a 100-y period. Gender-neutral vaccination with the 9vHPV further amplifies these benefits, with a faster reduction in HPV-related diseases for both genders. Even under conservative assumptions of 20-y vaccine protection, 9vHPV outperformed 4vHPV in all scenarios. These findings support switching to the 9vHPV vaccine and expanding the National Immunization Program to include boys to achieve long-term HPV control, reduce HPV-related cancers, and improve public health outcomes in Japan.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2489301Human papillomavirus vaccinecervical cancerJapan4vHPV9vHPVNational immunization Program |
| spellingShingle | Wongyeong Choi Eunha Shim The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Human papillomavirus vaccine cervical cancer Japan 4vHPV 9vHPV National immunization Program |
| title | The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan |
| title_full | The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan |
| title_fullStr | The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan |
| title_short | The effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in Japan |
| title_sort | effects of human papillomavirus vaccination in japan |
| topic | Human papillomavirus vaccine cervical cancer Japan 4vHPV 9vHPV National immunization Program |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2489301 |
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