How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation study

Abstract Background We aim to develop a non-invasive, bed-side method for supporting personalised ventilation of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Currently, there are no CDH severity measures to do it. As ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) resulting from lung hypoplasia is highly var...

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Main Authors: Barbara Stankiewicz, Magdalena Mierzewska-Schmidt, Krzysztof J. Pałko, Marek Darowski, Maciej Kozarski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05757-8
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author Barbara Stankiewicz
Magdalena Mierzewska-Schmidt
Krzysztof J. Pałko
Marek Darowski
Maciej Kozarski
author_facet Barbara Stankiewicz
Magdalena Mierzewska-Schmidt
Krzysztof J. Pałko
Marek Darowski
Maciej Kozarski
author_sort Barbara Stankiewicz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background We aim to develop a non-invasive, bed-side method for supporting personalised ventilation of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Currently, there are no CDH severity measures to do it. As ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) resulting from lung hypoplasia is highly variable in CDH patients, mechanical ventilation is a real challenge and the risk of lung injury is high. Methods We conducted 250 simulations of conventional ventilation of CDH cases using the infant hybrid (numerical-physical) respiratory simulator and a ventilator. Utilising simulation results, we searched for a regression model describing patient ventilation parameters as a function of the respiratory system parameters, ventilator settings and two new CDH severity measures: VI-degree defined as a ratio of time constants ratio of the contralateral and ipsilateral lung (T1/T2) and chest-wall-to-lung compliance ratio (CW/CL). The regression model aimed to find the T1/T2 and CW/CL values for real CDH cases and estimate optimal, matched to VI-degree, peak inspiratory and mean airway pressure (PIP, MAP). Results The developed regression models (R2 = 0.78 ÷ 0.98; P < 0.001) enabled to find clinically hard-to-measure values of T1/T2 and CW/CL ratios for three patients, respectively: 9 and 6.52 (P1), 3.5 and 4.96 (P2), and 4 and 5.02 (P3). The T1/T2 and CW/CL correlated with defect size (gamma coefficient: 1; P < 0.05), duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization (Spearmen’s coefficient: 0.99; P < 0.01). The clinical and estimated PIP and MAP didn’t differ statistically. Conclusion The T1/T2 and CW/CL indices can help to personalize CDH infants’ ventilation and might be used for prognostication.
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spelling doaj-art-43b43633e6864efb8fbb09f7b8a4959c2025-08-20T01:53:25ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-05-0125111410.1186/s12887-025-05757-8How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation studyBarbara Stankiewicz0Magdalena Mierzewska-Schmidt1Krzysztof J. Pałko2Marek Darowski3Maciej Kozarski4Department of Modeling and Supporting Internal Organs Functions, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of WarsawDepartment of Modeling and Supporting Internal Organs Functions, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Modeling and Supporting Internal Organs Functions, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Modeling and Supporting Internal Organs Functions, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of SciencesAbstract Background We aim to develop a non-invasive, bed-side method for supporting personalised ventilation of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Currently, there are no CDH severity measures to do it. As ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) resulting from lung hypoplasia is highly variable in CDH patients, mechanical ventilation is a real challenge and the risk of lung injury is high. Methods We conducted 250 simulations of conventional ventilation of CDH cases using the infant hybrid (numerical-physical) respiratory simulator and a ventilator. Utilising simulation results, we searched for a regression model describing patient ventilation parameters as a function of the respiratory system parameters, ventilator settings and two new CDH severity measures: VI-degree defined as a ratio of time constants ratio of the contralateral and ipsilateral lung (T1/T2) and chest-wall-to-lung compliance ratio (CW/CL). The regression model aimed to find the T1/T2 and CW/CL values for real CDH cases and estimate optimal, matched to VI-degree, peak inspiratory and mean airway pressure (PIP, MAP). Results The developed regression models (R2 = 0.78 ÷ 0.98; P < 0.001) enabled to find clinically hard-to-measure values of T1/T2 and CW/CL ratios for three patients, respectively: 9 and 6.52 (P1), 3.5 and 4.96 (P2), and 4 and 5.02 (P3). The T1/T2 and CW/CL correlated with defect size (gamma coefficient: 1; P < 0.05), duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization (Spearmen’s coefficient: 0.99; P < 0.01). The clinical and estimated PIP and MAP didn’t differ statistically. Conclusion The T1/T2 and CW/CL indices can help to personalize CDH infants’ ventilation and might be used for prognostication.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05757-8HerniaDiaphragmaticCongenitalVentilation inhomogeneityVentilator-Induced lung injury
spellingShingle Barbara Stankiewicz
Magdalena Mierzewska-Schmidt
Krzysztof J. Pałko
Marek Darowski
Maciej Kozarski
How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation study
BMC Pediatrics
Hernia
Diaphragmatic
Congenital
Ventilation inhomogeneity
Ventilator-Induced lung injury
title How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation study
title_full How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation study
title_fullStr How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation study
title_full_unstemmed How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation study
title_short How to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? A simulation study
title_sort how to personalise ventilation of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia a simulation study
topic Hernia
Diaphragmatic
Congenital
Ventilation inhomogeneity
Ventilator-Induced lung injury
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05757-8
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