Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines

ABSTRACT Internal combustion engines (ICEs) can be used in power plants to ensure flexibility in electricity generation. The use of carbon‐free fuels, such as hydrogen and ammonia, in ICEs is a way to decrease greenhouse gas emissions gradually until new carbon‐neutral technology has been fully impl...

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Main Authors: Christina Ingo, Jessica Tuuf, Margareta Björklund‐Sänkiaho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Energy Science & Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2009
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author Christina Ingo
Jessica Tuuf
Margareta Björklund‐Sänkiaho
author_facet Christina Ingo
Jessica Tuuf
Margareta Björklund‐Sänkiaho
author_sort Christina Ingo
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Internal combustion engines (ICEs) can be used in power plants to ensure flexibility in electricity generation. The use of carbon‐free fuels, such as hydrogen and ammonia, in ICEs is a way to decrease greenhouse gas emissions gradually until new carbon‐neutral technology has been fully implemented. By mixing small amounts of these compounds into natural gas (NG), the gas quality requirements can still be achieved and the modification work on the engine can be minimized. In this study, the CO2eq emission intensity was calculated for different NG compositions blended with hydrogen or ammonia while the mixture was within the gas quality specifications. The results showed that the addition of ammonia reduces the CO2eq emission intensity more than hydrogen and that the reduction depends on the NG quality. By utilizing H2‐NG and NH3‐NG mixtures as fuels in ICEs, the emissions can be reduced by 37%–44% and 3%–8%, respectively, compared to engines running on diesel oil or natural gas. The novelty of this study is to demonstrate the potential of cutting GHG emissions in power production using ICEs, new fuel blends, and fulfilling existing fuel requirements agreed on for engines.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2050-0505
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
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series Energy Science & Engineering
spelling doaj-art-43adc49e4ceb4d559cc1e94347a1fcbb2025-01-21T11:38:24ZengWileyEnergy Science & Engineering2050-05052025-01-0113140541510.1002/ese3.2009Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion EnginesChristina Ingo0Jessica Tuuf1Margareta Björklund‐Sänkiaho2Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Energy Technology Åbo Akademi University Vaasa FinlandFaculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Energy Technology Åbo Akademi University Vaasa FinlandFaculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Energy Technology Åbo Akademi University Vaasa FinlandABSTRACT Internal combustion engines (ICEs) can be used in power plants to ensure flexibility in electricity generation. The use of carbon‐free fuels, such as hydrogen and ammonia, in ICEs is a way to decrease greenhouse gas emissions gradually until new carbon‐neutral technology has been fully implemented. By mixing small amounts of these compounds into natural gas (NG), the gas quality requirements can still be achieved and the modification work on the engine can be minimized. In this study, the CO2eq emission intensity was calculated for different NG compositions blended with hydrogen or ammonia while the mixture was within the gas quality specifications. The results showed that the addition of ammonia reduces the CO2eq emission intensity more than hydrogen and that the reduction depends on the NG quality. By utilizing H2‐NG and NH3‐NG mixtures as fuels in ICEs, the emissions can be reduced by 37%–44% and 3%–8%, respectively, compared to engines running on diesel oil or natural gas. The novelty of this study is to demonstrate the potential of cutting GHG emissions in power production using ICEs, new fuel blends, and fulfilling existing fuel requirements agreed on for engines.https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2009ammoniaCO2eq emissionsemission factorgas compositionhydrogennatural gas
spellingShingle Christina Ingo
Jessica Tuuf
Margareta Björklund‐Sänkiaho
Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines
Energy Science & Engineering
ammonia
CO2eq emissions
emission factor
gas composition
hydrogen
natural gas
title Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines
title_full Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines
title_fullStr Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines
title_full_unstemmed Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines
title_short Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines
title_sort potential for lowering greenhouse gas emissions with the addition of hydrogen or ammonia to different natural gas compositions application in internal combustion engines
topic ammonia
CO2eq emissions
emission factor
gas composition
hydrogen
natural gas
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.2009
work_keys_str_mv AT christinaingo potentialforloweringgreenhousegasemissionswiththeadditionofhydrogenorammoniatodifferentnaturalgascompositionsapplicationininternalcombustionengines
AT jessicatuuf potentialforloweringgreenhousegasemissionswiththeadditionofhydrogenorammoniatodifferentnaturalgascompositionsapplicationininternalcombustionengines
AT margaretabjorklundsankiaho potentialforloweringgreenhousegasemissionswiththeadditionofhydrogenorammoniatodifferentnaturalgascompositionsapplicationininternalcombustionengines