Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning

Abstract Reliable prediction of drug–target interaction (DTI) is essential for accelerating drug discovery, yet remains hindered by data imbalance, limited interpretability, and neglect of protein dynamics. Here, we present GHCDTI, a heterogeneous graph neural framework designed to overcome these ch...

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Main Authors: Wenfeng Dai, Yanhong Wang, Shuai Yan, Qingzhi Yu, Xiang Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16098-y
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author Wenfeng Dai
Yanhong Wang
Shuai Yan
Qingzhi Yu
Xiang Cheng
author_facet Wenfeng Dai
Yanhong Wang
Shuai Yan
Qingzhi Yu
Xiang Cheng
author_sort Wenfeng Dai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Reliable prediction of drug–target interaction (DTI) is essential for accelerating drug discovery, yet remains hindered by data imbalance, limited interpretability, and neglect of protein dynamics. Here, we present GHCDTI, a heterogeneous graph neural framework designed to overcome these challenges through three synergistic innovations. First, cross-view contrastive learning with adaptive positive sampling improves generalization under extreme class imbalance (positive/negative ratio<1:100). Second, heterogeneous data fusion integrates molecular graphs, protein structure graphs, and bioactivity data via cross-graph attention, enabling interpretable residue-level insights. Third, multi-scale wavelet feature extraction captures both conserved and dynamic structural features by decomposing protein conformations into frequency components. GHCDTI achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets (AUC: 0.966 ± 0.016; AUPR: 0.888 ± 0.018) and processes 1,512 proteins and 708 drugs in under two minutes, highlighting its potential for scalable virtual screening and drug repositioning. These results demonstrate GHCDTI’s ability to effectively identify novel drug–target pairs, providing a practical tool for accelerating drug discovery and improving biomedical knowledge integration.
format Article
id doaj-art-43a84bd13a094f2d84ac2bb8364a1943
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-43a84bd13a094f2d84ac2bb8364a19432025-08-24T11:28:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-16098-yHeterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learningWenfeng Dai0Yanhong Wang1Shuai Yan2Qingzhi Yu3Xiang Cheng4School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramics UniversitySchool of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramics UniversitySchool of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramics UniversitySchool of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramics UniversitySchool of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramics UniversityAbstract Reliable prediction of drug–target interaction (DTI) is essential for accelerating drug discovery, yet remains hindered by data imbalance, limited interpretability, and neglect of protein dynamics. Here, we present GHCDTI, a heterogeneous graph neural framework designed to overcome these challenges through three synergistic innovations. First, cross-view contrastive learning with adaptive positive sampling improves generalization under extreme class imbalance (positive/negative ratio<1:100). Second, heterogeneous data fusion integrates molecular graphs, protein structure graphs, and bioactivity data via cross-graph attention, enabling interpretable residue-level insights. Third, multi-scale wavelet feature extraction captures both conserved and dynamic structural features by decomposing protein conformations into frequency components. GHCDTI achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets (AUC: 0.966 ± 0.016; AUPR: 0.888 ± 0.018) and processes 1,512 proteins and 708 drugs in under two minutes, highlighting its potential for scalable virtual screening and drug repositioning. These results demonstrate GHCDTI’s ability to effectively identify novel drug–target pairs, providing a practical tool for accelerating drug discovery and improving biomedical knowledge integration.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16098-yHeterogeneous networksGraph wavelet transformHeterogeneous graph convolutional networkContrastive learningAttention mechanism
spellingShingle Wenfeng Dai
Yanhong Wang
Shuai Yan
Qingzhi Yu
Xiang Cheng
Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning
Scientific Reports
Heterogeneous networks
Graph wavelet transform
Heterogeneous graph convolutional network
Contrastive learning
Attention mechanism
title Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning
title_full Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning
title_fullStr Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning
title_full_unstemmed Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning
title_short Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning
title_sort heterogeneous network drug target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi level contrastive learning
topic Heterogeneous networks
Graph wavelet transform
Heterogeneous graph convolutional network
Contrastive learning
Attention mechanism
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16098-y
work_keys_str_mv AT wenfengdai heterogeneousnetworkdrugtargetinteractionpredictionmodelbasedongraphwavelettransformandmultilevelcontrastivelearning
AT yanhongwang heterogeneousnetworkdrugtargetinteractionpredictionmodelbasedongraphwavelettransformandmultilevelcontrastivelearning
AT shuaiyan heterogeneousnetworkdrugtargetinteractionpredictionmodelbasedongraphwavelettransformandmultilevelcontrastivelearning
AT qingzhiyu heterogeneousnetworkdrugtargetinteractionpredictionmodelbasedongraphwavelettransformandmultilevelcontrastivelearning
AT xiangcheng heterogeneousnetworkdrugtargetinteractionpredictionmodelbasedongraphwavelettransformandmultilevelcontrastivelearning