Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea
<p>Ocean warming and Arctic sea-ice decline are expected to affect the biological pump efficiency by altering the timing, quantity, quality, and composition of export production. However, the origins and composition of sinking organic matter are still generally understudied for the oceans, esp...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Biogeosciences |
| Online Access: | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/2517/2025/bg-22-2517-2025.pdf |
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| author | S.-M. Chen T. Dezutter D. Cote C. Lalande E. Edinger E. Edinger O. A. Sherwood |
| author_facet | S.-M. Chen T. Dezutter D. Cote C. Lalande E. Edinger E. Edinger O. A. Sherwood |
| author_sort | S.-M. Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Ocean warming and Arctic sea-ice decline are expected to affect the biological pump efficiency by altering the timing, quantity, quality, and composition of export production. However, the origins and composition of sinking organic matter are still generally understudied for the oceans, especially in ice-covered areas. Here, we use the compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AAs) to investigate the sources and composition of exported organic matter from a sediment-trap-derived time series of sinking particles collected at depths of 469 and 915 <span class="inline-formula">m</span> at the edge of Saglek Bank in the northwestern Labrador Sea from October 2017 to July 2019. The outer edge of Saglek Bank is located at the confluence of cold and fresh Arctic outflow and relatively warmer Atlantic waters. The area is subject to seasonal sea-ice cover and is a biological hotspot for benthic organisms, including deep-sea corals and sponges. Sea ice was present for <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 50 % to 60 % of the deployment days in both cycles. Phytoplankton blooms at our study site co-occurred with the onset of sea-ice melt. Microalgal taxonomy indicated the presence of ice-associated diatoms in the sinking particles during the spring bloom in 2018, confirming that sea-ice algae contributed to the organic particle export at our study site. The presence of abundant copepods and copepod nauplii caught in the sediment traps was consistent with a high abundance of copepods in overlying epipelagic waters. Stable carbon isotopes (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C</span>) of essential amino acids (EAAs) of the sinking particles revealed a potentially important contribution of sea-ice algae as a carbon source at the base of the food web to sinking particles, with only minor modification by microbial resynthesis. Stable nitrogen isotopes (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N</span>) of AAs of sinking particles provided independent evidence of the minor bacterial degradation, and Bayesian mixing models based on normalized <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N</span>-AA values revealed the dominant contribution of fecal pellets (76 %–96 %) to the sinking particles. Our study demonstrates the importance of sea-ice algae and fecal pellets to the biological pump in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea, with sea-ice algae exported either directly via passive sinking or indirectly via zooplankton grazing and with fecal pellets dominating the organic particle fluxes.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-43a795809e8240a4982c47685fb8470f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1726-4170 1726-4189 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-43a795809e8240a4982c47685fb8470f2025-08-20T02:34:44ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892025-06-01222517254010.5194/bg-22-2517-2025Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador SeaS.-M. Chen0T. Dezutter1D. Cote2C. Lalande3E. Edinger4E. Edinger5O. A. Sherwood6Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaAmundsen Science, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, CanadaFisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, CanadaAmundsen Science, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, CanadaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada<p>Ocean warming and Arctic sea-ice decline are expected to affect the biological pump efficiency by altering the timing, quantity, quality, and composition of export production. However, the origins and composition of sinking organic matter are still generally understudied for the oceans, especially in ice-covered areas. Here, we use the compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AAs) to investigate the sources and composition of exported organic matter from a sediment-trap-derived time series of sinking particles collected at depths of 469 and 915 <span class="inline-formula">m</span> at the edge of Saglek Bank in the northwestern Labrador Sea from October 2017 to July 2019. The outer edge of Saglek Bank is located at the confluence of cold and fresh Arctic outflow and relatively warmer Atlantic waters. The area is subject to seasonal sea-ice cover and is a biological hotspot for benthic organisms, including deep-sea corals and sponges. Sea ice was present for <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 50 % to 60 % of the deployment days in both cycles. Phytoplankton blooms at our study site co-occurred with the onset of sea-ice melt. Microalgal taxonomy indicated the presence of ice-associated diatoms in the sinking particles during the spring bloom in 2018, confirming that sea-ice algae contributed to the organic particle export at our study site. The presence of abundant copepods and copepod nauplii caught in the sediment traps was consistent with a high abundance of copepods in overlying epipelagic waters. Stable carbon isotopes (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C</span>) of essential amino acids (EAAs) of the sinking particles revealed a potentially important contribution of sea-ice algae as a carbon source at the base of the food web to sinking particles, with only minor modification by microbial resynthesis. Stable nitrogen isotopes (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N</span>) of AAs of sinking particles provided independent evidence of the minor bacterial degradation, and Bayesian mixing models based on normalized <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N</span>-AA values revealed the dominant contribution of fecal pellets (76 %–96 %) to the sinking particles. Our study demonstrates the importance of sea-ice algae and fecal pellets to the biological pump in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea, with sea-ice algae exported either directly via passive sinking or indirectly via zooplankton grazing and with fecal pellets dominating the organic particle fluxes.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/2517/2025/bg-22-2517-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S.-M. Chen T. Dezutter D. Cote C. Lalande E. Edinger E. Edinger O. A. Sherwood Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea Biogeosciences |
| title | Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea |
| title_full | Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea |
| title_fullStr | Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea |
| title_short | Sea-ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwestern Labrador Sea |
| title_sort | sea ice associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice covered northwestern labrador sea |
| url | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/2517/2025/bg-22-2517-2025.pdf |
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