Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ Pummelos
‘Liuyuezao’ pummelo is highly prone to cracking, which seriously affects its quality. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of foliar sprays of calcium (Ca) and boron (B) and their combined treatments on the fruit cracking and quality of ‘Liuyuezao’ pummelos during the fruit expansion p...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/4/595 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850081287310671872 |
|---|---|
| author | Kaiyang Du Han Lin Qin Luo Tao Li Hongyu Wu Bin Wang Zhixiong Guo Tengfei Pan Wenqin She |
| author_facet | Kaiyang Du Han Lin Qin Luo Tao Li Hongyu Wu Bin Wang Zhixiong Guo Tengfei Pan Wenqin She |
| author_sort | Kaiyang Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ‘Liuyuezao’ pummelo is highly prone to cracking, which seriously affects its quality. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of foliar sprays of calcium (Ca) and boron (B) and their combined treatments on the fruit cracking and quality of ‘Liuyuezao’ pummelos during the fruit expansion period (40–55 days after flowering). Analysis of 12 mineral elements of the pericarp by ICP-MS revealed that the three treatments significantly increased the content of calcium and boron in the corresponding pericarp. These treatments effectively reduced the enzyme activities of pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), pectin lyase (PL), β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and cellulase (Cx) in the peel and down-regulated the expression of corresponding cell wall-degrading enzyme genes. Calcium, boron, and their combination treatments reduced water-soluble pectin (WSP) in the peel. Simultaneously, they inhibited the degradation of CDTA-soluble pectin (CSP) and Na₂CO₃-soluble pectin (NSP), thereby stabilizing the cell wall structure. Additionally, these treatments enhanced fruit skin break force (Bf) and elasticity (Ela), ultimately decreasing the fruit cracking rate. Diversification analysis showed that Ca and B elements significantly increased the sugar and vitamin C (Vc) content of ‘Liuyuezao’ pummelo fruits and reduced their organic acid content, thus improving fruit quality. The study provides new ideas on the use of fertilizer interactions to control fruit cracking and improve the quality of the pummelo fruit. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-43a3dcd3df0a4e178c323d9c9668e703 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-43a3dcd3df0a4e178c323d9c9668e7032025-08-20T02:44:46ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-02-0114459510.3390/foods14040595Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ PummelosKaiyang Du0Han Lin1Qin Luo2Tao Li3Hongyu Wu4Bin Wang5Zhixiong Guo6Tengfei Pan7Wenqin She8Institute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Fuzhou 350003, ChinaInstitute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China‘Liuyuezao’ pummelo is highly prone to cracking, which seriously affects its quality. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of foliar sprays of calcium (Ca) and boron (B) and their combined treatments on the fruit cracking and quality of ‘Liuyuezao’ pummelos during the fruit expansion period (40–55 days after flowering). Analysis of 12 mineral elements of the pericarp by ICP-MS revealed that the three treatments significantly increased the content of calcium and boron in the corresponding pericarp. These treatments effectively reduced the enzyme activities of pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), pectin lyase (PL), β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and cellulase (Cx) in the peel and down-regulated the expression of corresponding cell wall-degrading enzyme genes. Calcium, boron, and their combination treatments reduced water-soluble pectin (WSP) in the peel. Simultaneously, they inhibited the degradation of CDTA-soluble pectin (CSP) and Na₂CO₃-soluble pectin (NSP), thereby stabilizing the cell wall structure. Additionally, these treatments enhanced fruit skin break force (Bf) and elasticity (Ela), ultimately decreasing the fruit cracking rate. Diversification analysis showed that Ca and B elements significantly increased the sugar and vitamin C (Vc) content of ‘Liuyuezao’ pummelo fruits and reduced their organic acid content, thus improving fruit quality. The study provides new ideas on the use of fertilizer interactions to control fruit cracking and improve the quality of the pummelo fruit.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/4/595mineral elementfruit qualitycell wallcell wall enzyme activity |
| spellingShingle | Kaiyang Du Han Lin Qin Luo Tao Li Hongyu Wu Bin Wang Zhixiong Guo Tengfei Pan Wenqin She Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ Pummelos Foods mineral element fruit quality cell wall cell wall enzyme activity |
| title | Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ Pummelos |
| title_full | Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ Pummelos |
| title_fullStr | Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ Pummelos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ Pummelos |
| title_short | Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of ‘Liuyuezao’ Pummelos |
| title_sort | calcium and boron foliar fertilizer to relieve cracking of liuyuezao pummelos |
| topic | mineral element fruit quality cell wall cell wall enzyme activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/4/595 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kaiyangdu calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT hanlin calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT qinluo calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT taoli calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT hongyuwu calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT binwang calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT zhixiongguo calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT tengfeipan calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos AT wenqinshe calciumandboronfoliarfertilizertorelievecrackingofliuyuezaopummelos |