Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and Biosensors
Betalains are hydrophilic natural pigments commonly found in plants of the <i>Caryophyllales</i> order, as well as in specific species and genera of fungi, such as <i>Hygrocybe</i>, <i>Hygrophorus</i>, and <i>Amanita muscaria</i>. Betalains are sorted...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| author | Rimadani Pratiwi Devita Salsa Maharani Sarah Gustia Redjeki |
| author_facet | Rimadani Pratiwi Devita Salsa Maharani Sarah Gustia Redjeki |
| author_sort | Rimadani Pratiwi |
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| description | Betalains are hydrophilic natural pigments commonly found in plants of the <i>Caryophyllales</i> order, as well as in specific species and genera of fungi, such as <i>Hygrocybe</i>, <i>Hygrophorus</i>, and <i>Amanita muscaria</i>. Betalains are sorted into two groups: betacyanins, which form red-violet pigments, and betaxanthins, which form yellow-orange pigments. These compounds can be employed as colorimetric sensors and biosensors. This paper provides a review of the isolation methods of betalains and the various applications of betalains as colorimetric sensors and biosensors. The review was conducted by collecting publications over the last decade. The results show that betalains can be used as a colorimetric sensor to identify metal compounds in water and nonmetal compounds that indicate the quality of food. In addition, betaxanthin has been used for developing cell-based biosensors from yeast and bacteria. Furthermore, betalain as a colorimetric sensor and biosensor is developed by using an innovative digital detector, such as a smartphone. Nevertheless, the fragile stability of betalains presents a significant barrier during the extraction. As a result, future studies could focus on adding innovative technologies for optimizing extraction and also developing betalain as novel bio-indicators for specific analytes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-439d087c1fdc4516a89972cc9073fdc8 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-439d087c1fdc4516a89972cc9073fdc82025-08-20T02:24:37ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-06-0115634910.3390/bios15060349Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and BiosensorsRimadani Pratiwi0Devita Salsa Maharani1Sarah Gustia Redjeki2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, IndonesiaBetalains are hydrophilic natural pigments commonly found in plants of the <i>Caryophyllales</i> order, as well as in specific species and genera of fungi, such as <i>Hygrocybe</i>, <i>Hygrophorus</i>, and <i>Amanita muscaria</i>. Betalains are sorted into two groups: betacyanins, which form red-violet pigments, and betaxanthins, which form yellow-orange pigments. These compounds can be employed as colorimetric sensors and biosensors. This paper provides a review of the isolation methods of betalains and the various applications of betalains as colorimetric sensors and biosensors. The review was conducted by collecting publications over the last decade. The results show that betalains can be used as a colorimetric sensor to identify metal compounds in water and nonmetal compounds that indicate the quality of food. In addition, betaxanthin has been used for developing cell-based biosensors from yeast and bacteria. Furthermore, betalain as a colorimetric sensor and biosensor is developed by using an innovative digital detector, such as a smartphone. Nevertheless, the fragile stability of betalains presents a significant barrier during the extraction. As a result, future studies could focus on adding innovative technologies for optimizing extraction and also developing betalain as novel bio-indicators for specific analytes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/349betalainsbetacyaninsbetaxanthinsisolationcolorimetric sensorbiosensor |
| spellingShingle | Rimadani Pratiwi Devita Salsa Maharani Sarah Gustia Redjeki Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and Biosensors Biosensors betalains betacyanins betaxanthins isolation colorimetric sensor biosensor |
| title | Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and Biosensors |
| title_full | Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and Biosensors |
| title_fullStr | Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and Biosensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and Biosensors |
| title_short | Betalain Pigments: Isolation and Application as Reagents for Colorimetric Methods and Biosensors |
| title_sort | betalain pigments isolation and application as reagents for colorimetric methods and biosensors |
| topic | betalains betacyanins betaxanthins isolation colorimetric sensor biosensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/349 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rimadanipratiwi betalainpigmentsisolationandapplicationasreagentsforcolorimetricmethodsandbiosensors AT devitasalsamaharani betalainpigmentsisolationandapplicationasreagentsforcolorimetricmethodsandbiosensors AT sarahgustiaredjeki betalainpigmentsisolationandapplicationasreagentsforcolorimetricmethodsandbiosensors |