Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionDepression is a psychological condition characterized by a persistent low mood. This study investigates the relationship between depressive symptoms and food preferences in undergraduate students.MethodsA cross-sectional design was employed among 502 students at Zanjan University of Medi...

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Main Authors: Fatemeh Maleki Sedgi, Jalal Hejazi, Reza Derakhshi, Ghazal Baghdadi, Melinaz Zarmakhi, Mana Hamidi, Kamyar Mansori, Mohsen Dadashi, Mehran Rahimlou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1519726/full
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author Fatemeh Maleki Sedgi
Jalal Hejazi
Jalal Hejazi
Reza Derakhshi
Ghazal Baghdadi
Melinaz Zarmakhi
Mana Hamidi
Kamyar Mansori
Mohsen Dadashi
Mehran Rahimlou
Mehran Rahimlou
author_facet Fatemeh Maleki Sedgi
Jalal Hejazi
Jalal Hejazi
Reza Derakhshi
Ghazal Baghdadi
Melinaz Zarmakhi
Mana Hamidi
Kamyar Mansori
Mohsen Dadashi
Mehran Rahimlou
Mehran Rahimlou
author_sort Fatemeh Maleki Sedgi
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionDepression is a psychological condition characterized by a persistent low mood. This study investigates the relationship between depressive symptoms and food preferences in undergraduate students.MethodsA cross-sectional design was employed among 502 students at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection included validated questionnaires on food preferences, depression levels (Beck Depression Inventory), and physical activity (IPAQ), along with anthropometric measurements. Food preferences were analyzed for six groups: grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat/fish, and snacks. Depression severity was categorized into six levels based on BDI scores: normal (1–9), mild (10–16), borderline (17–20), moderate (21–30), severe (31–40), and very severe (41–63). Depression risk was defined as the odds of belonging to a higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) category.ResultsParticipants with severe depression had lower preferences for grains, fruits, and vegetables but higher preferences for snacks. Adjusted analyses revealed that higher preferences for fruits (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68–0.98) and vegetables (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.94) were significantly associated with reduced depression risk, while snack preferences increased risk (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03–1.68). However, the association between grain preferences and depression risk was not statistically significant after adjustment (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74–1.03).ConclusionThese findings highlight the bidirectional link between diet and mental health, underscoring the importance of dietary interventions in mental health strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-438903e4dea84acaac2cf70780c58e0f2025-08-20T01:57:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-03-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15197261519726Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional studyFatemeh Maleki Sedgi0Jalal Hejazi1Jalal Hejazi2Reza Derakhshi3Ghazal Baghdadi4Melinaz Zarmakhi5Mana Hamidi6Kamyar Mansori7Mohsen Dadashi8Mehran Rahimlou9Mehran Rahimlou10Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranMetabolic Diseases Research Center, Health and Metabolic Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, IranIntroductionDepression is a psychological condition characterized by a persistent low mood. This study investigates the relationship between depressive symptoms and food preferences in undergraduate students.MethodsA cross-sectional design was employed among 502 students at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection included validated questionnaires on food preferences, depression levels (Beck Depression Inventory), and physical activity (IPAQ), along with anthropometric measurements. Food preferences were analyzed for six groups: grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat/fish, and snacks. Depression severity was categorized into six levels based on BDI scores: normal (1–9), mild (10–16), borderline (17–20), moderate (21–30), severe (31–40), and very severe (41–63). Depression risk was defined as the odds of belonging to a higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) category.ResultsParticipants with severe depression had lower preferences for grains, fruits, and vegetables but higher preferences for snacks. Adjusted analyses revealed that higher preferences for fruits (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68–0.98) and vegetables (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.94) were significantly associated with reduced depression risk, while snack preferences increased risk (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03–1.68). However, the association between grain preferences and depression risk was not statistically significant after adjustment (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74–1.03).ConclusionThese findings highlight the bidirectional link between diet and mental health, underscoring the importance of dietary interventions in mental health strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1519726/fullfood preferencesstudentsdepressioncross-sectionalnutrition
spellingShingle Fatemeh Maleki Sedgi
Jalal Hejazi
Jalal Hejazi
Reza Derakhshi
Ghazal Baghdadi
Melinaz Zarmakhi
Mana Hamidi
Kamyar Mansori
Mohsen Dadashi
Mehran Rahimlou
Mehran Rahimlou
Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study
Frontiers in Nutrition
food preferences
students
depression
cross-sectional
nutrition
title Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study
title_full Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study
title_short Investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study
title_sort investigation of the relationship between food preferences and depression symptoms among undergraduate medical students a cross sectional study
topic food preferences
students
depression
cross-sectional
nutrition
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1519726/full
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