Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification Algorithm

For the longitudinal tire force estimation problem of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles (4WIDEVs), traditional model-based observers have limitations such as high modeling complexity and strong parameter sensitivity, while pure data-driven methods are susceptible to noise interference a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaoyu Wang, Te Chen, Jiankang Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Algorithms
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/409
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849304107617091584
author Xiaoyu Wang
Te Chen
Jiankang Lu
author_facet Xiaoyu Wang
Te Chen
Jiankang Lu
author_sort Xiaoyu Wang
collection DOAJ
description For the longitudinal tire force estimation problem of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles (4WIDEVs), traditional model-based observers have limitations such as high modeling complexity and strong parameter sensitivity, while pure data-driven methods are susceptible to noise interference and have insufficient generalization ability. Therefore, this study proposes a joint estimation framework that integrates data-driven and modified recursive subspace identification algorithms. Firstly, based on the electromechanical coupling mechanism, an electric drive wheel dynamics model (EDWM) is constructed, and multidimensional driving data is collected through a chassis dynamometer experimental platform. Secondly, an improved proportional integral observer (PIO) is designed to decouple the longitudinal force from the system input into a state variable, and a subspace identification recursive algorithm based on correction term with forgetting factor (CFF-SIR) is introduced to suppress the residual influence of historical data and enhance the ability to track time-varying parameters. The simulation and experimental results show that under complex working conditions without noise and interference, with noise influence (5% white noise), and with interference (5% irregular signal), the mean and mean square error of longitudinal force estimation under the CFF-SIR algorithm are significantly reduced compared to the correction-based subspace identification recursive (C-SIR) algorithm, and the comprehensive estimation accuracy is improved by 8.37%. It can provide a high-precision and highly adaptive longitudinal force estimation solution for vehicle dynamics control and intelligent driving systems.
format Article
id doaj-art-43747b76576d48e2ba443e90f4e877ed
institution Kabale University
issn 1999-4893
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Algorithms
spelling doaj-art-43747b76576d48e2ba443e90f4e877ed2025-08-20T03:55:49ZengMDPI AGAlgorithms1999-48932025-07-0118740910.3390/a18070409Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification AlgorithmXiaoyu Wang0Te Chen1Jiankang Lu2School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou 215000, ChinaAutomotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou 215000, ChinaFor the longitudinal tire force estimation problem of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles (4WIDEVs), traditional model-based observers have limitations such as high modeling complexity and strong parameter sensitivity, while pure data-driven methods are susceptible to noise interference and have insufficient generalization ability. Therefore, this study proposes a joint estimation framework that integrates data-driven and modified recursive subspace identification algorithms. Firstly, based on the electromechanical coupling mechanism, an electric drive wheel dynamics model (EDWM) is constructed, and multidimensional driving data is collected through a chassis dynamometer experimental platform. Secondly, an improved proportional integral observer (PIO) is designed to decouple the longitudinal force from the system input into a state variable, and a subspace identification recursive algorithm based on correction term with forgetting factor (CFF-SIR) is introduced to suppress the residual influence of historical data and enhance the ability to track time-varying parameters. The simulation and experimental results show that under complex working conditions without noise and interference, with noise influence (5% white noise), and with interference (5% irregular signal), the mean and mean square error of longitudinal force estimation under the CFF-SIR algorithm are significantly reduced compared to the correction-based subspace identification recursive (C-SIR) algorithm, and the comprehensive estimation accuracy is improved by 8.37%. It can provide a high-precision and highly adaptive longitudinal force estimation solution for vehicle dynamics control and intelligent driving systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/409state estimationmodel constructionsubspace identificationdata-drivenestimation accuracy
spellingShingle Xiaoyu Wang
Te Chen
Jiankang Lu
Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification Algorithm
Algorithms
state estimation
model construction
subspace identification
data-driven
estimation accuracy
title Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification Algorithm
title_full Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification Algorithm
title_fullStr Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification Algorithm
title_short Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation Method for 4WIDEV Based on Data-Driven Modified Recursive Subspace Identification Algorithm
title_sort longitudinal tire force estimation method for 4widev based on data driven modified recursive subspace identification algorithm
topic state estimation
model construction
subspace identification
data-driven
estimation accuracy
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/7/409
work_keys_str_mv AT xiaoyuwang longitudinaltireforceestimationmethodfor4widevbasedondatadrivenmodifiedrecursivesubspaceidentificationalgorithm
AT techen longitudinaltireforceestimationmethodfor4widevbasedondatadrivenmodifiedrecursivesubspaceidentificationalgorithm
AT jiankanglu longitudinaltireforceestimationmethodfor4widevbasedondatadrivenmodifiedrecursivesubspaceidentificationalgorithm