Assessing the Sustainability of <i>Miscanthus</i> and Willow as Global Bioenergy Crops: Current and Future Climate Conditions (Part 2)
Land-based bioenergy systems are increasingly promoted for their potential to support climate change mitigation and energy security. Building on previous productivity and efficiency analyses, this study applies the MiscanFor and SalixFor models to evaluate land use energy intensity (LUEI) for <i&...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1491 |
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| Summary: | Land-based bioenergy systems are increasingly promoted for their potential to support climate change mitigation and energy security. Building on previous productivity and efficiency analyses, this study applies the MiscanFor and SalixFor models to evaluate land use energy intensity (LUEI) for <i>Miscanthus</i> (<i>Miscanthus × giganteus</i>) and willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) under baseline (1961–1990) and future climate scenarios, and Business-as-Usual (B1) and Fossil Intensive (A1FI) scenarios, projected to 2060. The study also assesses the impact of biomass transport on energy use efficiency (EUE) and quantifies soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by <i>Miscanthus</i>. Under current conditions, <i>Miscanthus</i> exhibits a higher global mean LUEI (321 ± 179 GJ ha<sup>−1</sup>) than willow (164 ± 115.6 GJ ha<sup>−1</sup>) across all regions (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), with energy yield hotspots in tropical and subtropical regions such as South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia. Colder regions, such as Europe and Canada, show limited energy potential. By 2060, LUEI is projected to decline by 9–15% for <i>Miscanthus</i> and 8–13% for willow, with B1 improving energy returns in temperate zones and A1FI reducing them in the tropics. Global EUE for <i>Miscanthus</i> declines significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) by 21%, from 15.73 ± 7.1 to 12.37 ± 5.2 as biomass transport distance increases from 50 km to 500 km. Mean SOC sequestration is estimated at 1.20 ± 1.46 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>, with tropical hotspots reaching up to 4.57 t C ha<sup>−1</sup> and some cooler regions exhibiting net losses (–7.93 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>). Climate change significantly reduces SOC gains compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), although differences between B1 and A1FI are not statistically significant. These findings highlight the importance of region-specific, climate-resilient biomass systems to optimize energy returns and carbon benefits under future climate conditions. |
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| ISSN: | 2073-4395 |