Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Abstract Background Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, which plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism, signal transduction, and stress responses. However, approximately one-third of the world’s arable soils have insufficient available phosphorus, severely limi...

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Main Authors: Kunhao Xie, Mintao Sun, Xiaoqin Wang, Xiaoya Zhou, Qinghua Di, Yang Li, Guoxiu Wu, Yansu Li, Chaoxing He, Shengli Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06720-6
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author Kunhao Xie
Mintao Sun
Xiaoqin Wang
Xiaoya Zhou
Qinghua Di
Yang Li
Guoxiu Wu
Yansu Li
Chaoxing He
Shengli Li
author_facet Kunhao Xie
Mintao Sun
Xiaoqin Wang
Xiaoya Zhou
Qinghua Di
Yang Li
Guoxiu Wu
Yansu Li
Chaoxing He
Shengli Li
author_sort Kunhao Xie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, which plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism, signal transduction, and stress responses. However, approximately one-third of the world’s arable soils have insufficient available phosphorus, severely limiting crop productivity. While their genetic characteristics have been extensively studied in various plant species, the specific roles of phosphate transporter (PHT) in cucumber remain largely unexplored. Results In this study, 17 CsPHT genes were systematically identified in the cucumber genome and classified into four subfamilies: CsPHT1, CsPHT2, CsPHT3, and CsPHO1. Analyses of physicochemical properties and structural features revealed distinct divergence among subfamilies in terms of physicochemical characteristics, conserved domains, motif composition, and tertiary structure, whereas members within the same subfamily exhibited marked structural conservation. Collinearity analysis indicated that tandem duplication served as the primary driving force behind the expansion of the CsPHT gene family. Cis-regulatory element analysis showed that the promoter regions of CsPHT genes contained diverse cis-regulatory elements involved in stress response, hormonal regulation, and developmental processes. Expression profiling further revealed that several CsPHT genes, including CsPT1-3, CsPT1-4, CsPT1-7, CsPT1-9, CsPT1-11, CsPT2-1, and CsPHO1-3B, exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns in roots, leaves, and flowers. Among them, CsPT1-9, CsPT1-11, and CsPT2-1 were consistently induced under multiple abiotic stress conditions, indicating potential roles in abiotic stress responses in cucumber. In contrast, CsPT1-3 was downregulated under all abiotic stress treatments but was markedly upregulated in response to phytohormone treatments, suggesting a possible involvement in hormone-mediated phosphate acquisition from the soil. Conclusion This study conducted a systematic analysis of the CsPHT gene family, which provides a theoretical foundation and candidate genes for subsequent functional characterization and the genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in cucumber.
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spelling doaj-art-436f29ca780a4de38dc1c7adf7af083a2025-08-20T01:52:29ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-05-0125111910.1186/s12870-025-06720-6Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)Kunhao Xie0Mintao Sun1Xiaoqin Wang2Xiaoya Zhou3Qinghua Di4Yang Li5Guoxiu Wu6Yansu Li7Chaoxing He8Shengli Li9College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Vegetables, Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, which plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism, signal transduction, and stress responses. However, approximately one-third of the world’s arable soils have insufficient available phosphorus, severely limiting crop productivity. While their genetic characteristics have been extensively studied in various plant species, the specific roles of phosphate transporter (PHT) in cucumber remain largely unexplored. Results In this study, 17 CsPHT genes were systematically identified in the cucumber genome and classified into four subfamilies: CsPHT1, CsPHT2, CsPHT3, and CsPHO1. Analyses of physicochemical properties and structural features revealed distinct divergence among subfamilies in terms of physicochemical characteristics, conserved domains, motif composition, and tertiary structure, whereas members within the same subfamily exhibited marked structural conservation. Collinearity analysis indicated that tandem duplication served as the primary driving force behind the expansion of the CsPHT gene family. Cis-regulatory element analysis showed that the promoter regions of CsPHT genes contained diverse cis-regulatory elements involved in stress response, hormonal regulation, and developmental processes. Expression profiling further revealed that several CsPHT genes, including CsPT1-3, CsPT1-4, CsPT1-7, CsPT1-9, CsPT1-11, CsPT2-1, and CsPHO1-3B, exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns in roots, leaves, and flowers. Among them, CsPT1-9, CsPT1-11, and CsPT2-1 were consistently induced under multiple abiotic stress conditions, indicating potential roles in abiotic stress responses in cucumber. In contrast, CsPT1-3 was downregulated under all abiotic stress treatments but was markedly upregulated in response to phytohormone treatments, suggesting a possible involvement in hormone-mediated phosphate acquisition from the soil. Conclusion This study conducted a systematic analysis of the CsPHT gene family, which provides a theoretical foundation and candidate genes for subsequent functional characterization and the genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in cucumber.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06720-6CucumberPHT gene familyEvolutionary analysisHormone responseAbiotic stress response
spellingShingle Kunhao Xie
Mintao Sun
Xiaoqin Wang
Xiaoya Zhou
Qinghua Di
Yang Li
Guoxiu Wu
Yansu Li
Chaoxing He
Shengli Li
Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
BMC Plant Biology
Cucumber
PHT gene family
Evolutionary analysis
Hormone response
Abiotic stress response
title Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
title_full Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
title_fullStr Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
title_short Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
title_sort genome wide identification expression analysis and response to abiotic stress of the phosphate transporter gene family in cucumber cucumis sativus l
topic Cucumber
PHT gene family
Evolutionary analysis
Hormone response
Abiotic stress response
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06720-6
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