Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that causes strongyloidiasis, which affects 30 to 100 million people worldwide. Risk factors for hyperinfection and disseminated disease include immunosuppressive drug therapy, human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, solid organ and bone m...

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Main Authors: Isabel Izquierdo, Javier Briones, Rafael Lluch, Cristina Arqueros, Rodrigo Martino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Hematology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/860976
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author Isabel Izquierdo
Javier Briones
Rafael Lluch
Cristina Arqueros
Rodrigo Martino
author_facet Isabel Izquierdo
Javier Briones
Rafael Lluch
Cristina Arqueros
Rodrigo Martino
author_sort Isabel Izquierdo
collection DOAJ
description Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that causes strongyloidiasis, which affects 30 to 100 million people worldwide. Risk factors for hyperinfection and disseminated disease include immunosuppressive drug therapy, human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, hematologic malignant diseases, hypogammaglobulinemia, and severe malnutrition and associated conditions. The diagnosis can be difficult because a single stool examination fails to detect larvae in up to 70% of the cases, and the symptoms are nonspecific. Although eosinophilia is a common finding in patients with chronic Strongyloides infection, it is an unreliable predictor of hyperinfection. Furthermore, the lack of eosinophilia while receiving immunosuppressive therapy cannot reliably exclude the underlying chronic Strongyloides infection. We report here a fatal Strongyloides hyperinfection in a patient receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation; risk factors and outcome in this clinical setting are discussed.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2090-6560
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language English
publishDate 2013-01-01
publisher Wiley
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series Case Reports in Hematology
spelling doaj-art-435fc250ceba47a485dfbdda2eb584572025-08-20T03:35:57ZengWileyCase Reports in Hematology2090-65602090-65792013-01-01201310.1155/2013/860976860976Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureIsabel Izquierdo0Javier Briones1Rafael Lluch2Cristina Arqueros3Rodrigo Martino4Department of Hematology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/Mar Casasnovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Hematology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/Mar Casasnovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Hematology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, C/San Clemente 12, 46015 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Oncology, Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Mar Casasnovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Hematology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/Mar Casasnovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, SpainStrongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that causes strongyloidiasis, which affects 30 to 100 million people worldwide. Risk factors for hyperinfection and disseminated disease include immunosuppressive drug therapy, human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, hematologic malignant diseases, hypogammaglobulinemia, and severe malnutrition and associated conditions. The diagnosis can be difficult because a single stool examination fails to detect larvae in up to 70% of the cases, and the symptoms are nonspecific. Although eosinophilia is a common finding in patients with chronic Strongyloides infection, it is an unreliable predictor of hyperinfection. Furthermore, the lack of eosinophilia while receiving immunosuppressive therapy cannot reliably exclude the underlying chronic Strongyloides infection. We report here a fatal Strongyloides hyperinfection in a patient receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation; risk factors and outcome in this clinical setting are discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/860976
spellingShingle Isabel Izquierdo
Javier Briones
Rafael Lluch
Cristina Arqueros
Rodrigo Martino
Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Case Reports in Hematology
title Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_short Fatal Strongyloides Hyperinfection Complicating a Gram-Negative Sepsis after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_sort fatal strongyloides hyperinfection complicating a gram negative sepsis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation a case report and review of the literature
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/860976
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