Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration

Vegetation resilience is crucial for understanding the self-repair and adaptive capacity of regional ecosystems. Opencast coal mine dumps, typical targets for ecological restoration, exhibit highly unstable vegetation ecosystems after restoration, making them prone to state shifts. However, existing...

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Main Authors: Hui Wang, Chengye Zhang, Yaxin Ding, Feiyue Li, Wanxi Liu, Yan Ma, Yingjie Guo, Bikram Banerjee, Jun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843225002936
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author Hui Wang
Chengye Zhang
Yaxin Ding
Feiyue Li
Wanxi Liu
Yan Ma
Yingjie Guo
Bikram Banerjee
Jun Li
author_facet Hui Wang
Chengye Zhang
Yaxin Ding
Feiyue Li
Wanxi Liu
Yan Ma
Yingjie Guo
Bikram Banerjee
Jun Li
author_sort Hui Wang
collection DOAJ
description Vegetation resilience is crucial for understanding the self-repair and adaptive capacity of regional ecosystems. Opencast coal mine dumps, typical targets for ecological restoration, exhibit highly unstable vegetation ecosystems after restoration, making them prone to state shifts. However, existing studies have limitations in capturing vegetation resilience characteristics and its climatic driving mechanisms. This study addresses these deficiencies by focusing on the Pingzhuang West Opencast Coal Mine dumps, utilizing Critical Slowing Down (CSD) theory and long-term Landsat remote sensing data from 2008 to 2024. We propose ’MultiRes’, a pixel-level (30 m) method to calculate vegetation resilience. Unlike traditional fixed-window approaches, MultiRes offers adaptive window sizes with a wide range of stability. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation resilience after restoration, evaluated the effectiveness of vegetation restoration, and quantitatively assessed the impact of key climatic drivers across different phases. Results reveal that: (1) After restoration, vegetation resilience at each dump experienced three phases: initial enhancement, decline, and renewed enhancement. (2) Vegetation resilience improved significantly compared to the initial fragile ecosystem, with over 88 % of the area showing improvement, especially at Taipingdi, where the enhancement rate reached 99.85 %. (3) The influence of key climatic drivers remained consistent within each dump across all phases, particularly in the first and third phases. Areas dominated by a single climatic driver generally showed more significant changes than those influenced by combined drivers. These findings demonstrate that vegetation resilience captures stage-specific ecological patterns that NDVI alone cannot detect, thereby supporting adaptive restoration and climate-informed management in mining environments.
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spelling doaj-art-435b4a8d8cda48889efbec0b5c0b71c42025-08-20T03:22:11ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation1569-84322025-07-0114110464610.1016/j.jag.2025.104646Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restorationHui Wang0Chengye Zhang1Yaxin Ding2Feiyue Li3Wanxi Liu4Yan Ma5Yingjie Guo6Bikram Banerjee7Jun Li8College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; China Coal Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100871, ChinaCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaNeimenggu pingzhuang Coal Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng 024000, ChinaSchool of Surveying and Built Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, AustraliaCollege of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Corresponding author at: No.11 Xueyuan Road Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China.Vegetation resilience is crucial for understanding the self-repair and adaptive capacity of regional ecosystems. Opencast coal mine dumps, typical targets for ecological restoration, exhibit highly unstable vegetation ecosystems after restoration, making them prone to state shifts. However, existing studies have limitations in capturing vegetation resilience characteristics and its climatic driving mechanisms. This study addresses these deficiencies by focusing on the Pingzhuang West Opencast Coal Mine dumps, utilizing Critical Slowing Down (CSD) theory and long-term Landsat remote sensing data from 2008 to 2024. We propose ’MultiRes’, a pixel-level (30 m) method to calculate vegetation resilience. Unlike traditional fixed-window approaches, MultiRes offers adaptive window sizes with a wide range of stability. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation resilience after restoration, evaluated the effectiveness of vegetation restoration, and quantitatively assessed the impact of key climatic drivers across different phases. Results reveal that: (1) After restoration, vegetation resilience at each dump experienced three phases: initial enhancement, decline, and renewed enhancement. (2) Vegetation resilience improved significantly compared to the initial fragile ecosystem, with over 88 % of the area showing improvement, especially at Taipingdi, where the enhancement rate reached 99.85 %. (3) The influence of key climatic drivers remained consistent within each dump across all phases, particularly in the first and third phases. Areas dominated by a single climatic driver generally showed more significant changes than those influenced by combined drivers. These findings demonstrate that vegetation resilience captures stage-specific ecological patterns that NDVI alone cannot detect, thereby supporting adaptive restoration and climate-informed management in mining environments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843225002936Mine vegetation resilienceCritical Slowing Down theoryAC(1)Remote sensingOpencast coal mine dump
spellingShingle Hui Wang
Chengye Zhang
Yaxin Ding
Feiyue Li
Wanxi Liu
Yan Ma
Yingjie Guo
Bikram Banerjee
Jun Li
Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration
International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
Mine vegetation resilience
Critical Slowing Down theory
AC(1)
Remote sensing
Opencast coal mine dump
title Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration
title_full Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration
title_short Spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration
title_sort spatiotemporal dynamics and key climatic influences on vegetation resilience in opencast coal mine dumps after restoration
topic Mine vegetation resilience
Critical Slowing Down theory
AC(1)
Remote sensing
Opencast coal mine dump
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843225002936
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