Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression

Gastric cancer remains a major global health challenge, largely due to its biological heterogeneity and limited treatment options for advanced stages. Among the numerous molecular players involved in its pathogenesis, galectins—β-galactoside-binding lectins—have emerged as key modulators of tumor be...

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Main Authors: Bojan Stojanovic, Ivan Jovanovic, Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic, Bojan Milosevic, Marko Spasic, Bojana S. Stojanovic, Stefan Jakovljevic, Nenad Zornic, Danijela Jovanovic, Jelena Nesic, Milan Paunovic, Ivan Radosavljevic, Nenad Markovic, Mladen Pavlovic, Nikola Mirkovic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1090
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author Bojan Stojanovic
Ivan Jovanovic
Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
Bojan Milosevic
Marko Spasic
Bojana S. Stojanovic
Stefan Jakovljevic
Nenad Zornic
Danijela Jovanovic
Jelena Nesic
Milan Paunovic
Ivan Radosavljevic
Nenad Markovic
Mladen Pavlovic
Nikola Mirkovic
author_facet Bojan Stojanovic
Ivan Jovanovic
Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
Bojan Milosevic
Marko Spasic
Bojana S. Stojanovic
Stefan Jakovljevic
Nenad Zornic
Danijela Jovanovic
Jelena Nesic
Milan Paunovic
Ivan Radosavljevic
Nenad Markovic
Mladen Pavlovic
Nikola Mirkovic
author_sort Bojan Stojanovic
collection DOAJ
description Gastric cancer remains a major global health challenge, largely due to its biological heterogeneity and limited treatment options for advanced stages. Among the numerous molecular players involved in its pathogenesis, galectins—β-galactoside-binding lectins—have emerged as key modulators of tumor behavior. These multifunctional proteins influence diverse processes including cell proliferation, invasion, immune evasion, stromal remodeling, and therapy resistance. Recent advances in experimental and clinical research have shed light on the complex roles of galectin family members—particularly Galectin-1, -3, and -9—in shaping the tumor microenvironment and driving disease progression. This review highlights the current understanding of galectin biology in gastric cancer, with emphasis on their structural characteristics, cellular localization, functional diversity, and translational relevance. By synthesizing insights from molecular studies and clinicopathological observations, we explore the potential of galectins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving landscape of gastric cancer research.
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issn 2073-4409
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Cells
spelling doaj-art-4358964ad6ad48458a33a809e87e7cd02025-08-20T03:36:17ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-07-011414109010.3390/cells14141090Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer ProgressionBojan Stojanovic0Ivan Jovanovic1Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic2Bojan Milosevic3Marko Spasic4Bojana S. Stojanovic5Stefan Jakovljevic6Nenad Zornic7Danijela Jovanovic8Jelena Nesic9Milan Paunovic10Ivan Radosavljevic11Nenad Markovic12Mladen Pavlovic13Nikola Mirkovic14Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaCenter for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaCenter for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaCenter for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaGastric cancer remains a major global health challenge, largely due to its biological heterogeneity and limited treatment options for advanced stages. Among the numerous molecular players involved in its pathogenesis, galectins—β-galactoside-binding lectins—have emerged as key modulators of tumor behavior. These multifunctional proteins influence diverse processes including cell proliferation, invasion, immune evasion, stromal remodeling, and therapy resistance. Recent advances in experimental and clinical research have shed light on the complex roles of galectin family members—particularly Galectin-1, -3, and -9—in shaping the tumor microenvironment and driving disease progression. This review highlights the current understanding of galectin biology in gastric cancer, with emphasis on their structural characteristics, cellular localization, functional diversity, and translational relevance. By synthesizing insights from molecular studies and clinicopathological observations, we explore the potential of galectins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving landscape of gastric cancer research.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1090gastric cancergalectinstumor microenvironmentepithelial–mesenchymal transitionimmune evasionchemoresistance
spellingShingle Bojan Stojanovic
Ivan Jovanovic
Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
Bojan Milosevic
Marko Spasic
Bojana S. Stojanovic
Stefan Jakovljevic
Nenad Zornic
Danijela Jovanovic
Jelena Nesic
Milan Paunovic
Ivan Radosavljevic
Nenad Markovic
Mladen Pavlovic
Nikola Mirkovic
Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression
Cells
gastric cancer
galectins
tumor microenvironment
epithelial–mesenchymal transition
immune evasion
chemoresistance
title Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression
title_full Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression
title_fullStr Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression
title_full_unstemmed Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression
title_short Galectins as Master Regulators of Gastric Cancer Progression
title_sort galectins as master regulators of gastric cancer progression
topic gastric cancer
galectins
tumor microenvironment
epithelial–mesenchymal transition
immune evasion
chemoresistance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1090
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