Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model

Abstract Nipa palm vinegar has been traditionally used to lower blood glucose levels by diabetic patients. This study aims to analyse the effect of aqueous extract (AE) of nipa palm vinegar on glycemic parameters and glucose transporter-incretin hormonal system in type 2 diabetic rat. The model was...

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Main Authors: Nur Izzati Razali, Tri Widyawati, Dwi Rita Anggraini, Vuanghao Lim, Nor Adlin Yusoff
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04933-8
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author Nur Izzati Razali
Tri Widyawati
Dwi Rita Anggraini
Vuanghao Lim
Nor Adlin Yusoff
author_facet Nur Izzati Razali
Tri Widyawati
Dwi Rita Anggraini
Vuanghao Lim
Nor Adlin Yusoff
author_sort Nur Izzati Razali
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Nipa palm vinegar has been traditionally used to lower blood glucose levels by diabetic patients. This study aims to analyse the effect of aqueous extract (AE) of nipa palm vinegar on glycemic parameters and glucose transporter-incretin hormonal system in type 2 diabetic rat. The model was established using a combination of high-fat diet (p.o.) and low dose streptozotocin (i.p.). AE (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) was administered orally once daily for 28 days. Biochemical parameters related to type 2 diabetes including fasting glucose, serum insulin, lipid profiles, incretin hormone, liver, and pancreatic histology were evaluated. Relative expression of jejunal glucose transporters was also determined. Induction of diabetes caused significant (p = 0.026) weight loss, hyperlgycemia, hypoinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and reduced incretin hormones. Diabetes onset also disturbed HOMA-IR and HOMA-ß cell function indices, altered the morphological features of hepatocytes and pancreatic islet and overexpressed intestinal glucose transporters, SGLT1 and GLUT2. Repetitive oral administration of AE (1000 mg/kg) for 28 days ameliorated the biochemical abnormalities and improved HOMA-β cell function of diabetic rats. Histological studies revealed AE treatment preserved the integrity of pancreatic islet and protected hepatocytes from degeneration and atrophic effects of streptozotocin. Further analysis suggested the effect of AE in stimulating incretin hormones secretion via the action of DPP4 inhibitor and by modulating jejunal SGLT1 expression. In conclusion, the study suggested AE exerted its antidiabetic effect partially by stimulating insulin secretion via incretin hormone and intestinal glucose transporter pathway.
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spelling doaj-art-43358c2feb65433ca640ab240a855db32025-08-20T03:16:40ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-05-0125111410.1186/s12906-025-04933-8Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat modelNur Izzati Razali0Tri Widyawati1Dwi Rita Anggraini2Vuanghao Lim3Nor Adlin Yusoff4Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera UtaraDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera UtaraDepartment of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains MalaysiaDepartment of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains MalaysiaAbstract Nipa palm vinegar has been traditionally used to lower blood glucose levels by diabetic patients. This study aims to analyse the effect of aqueous extract (AE) of nipa palm vinegar on glycemic parameters and glucose transporter-incretin hormonal system in type 2 diabetic rat. The model was established using a combination of high-fat diet (p.o.) and low dose streptozotocin (i.p.). AE (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) was administered orally once daily for 28 days. Biochemical parameters related to type 2 diabetes including fasting glucose, serum insulin, lipid profiles, incretin hormone, liver, and pancreatic histology were evaluated. Relative expression of jejunal glucose transporters was also determined. Induction of diabetes caused significant (p = 0.026) weight loss, hyperlgycemia, hypoinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and reduced incretin hormones. Diabetes onset also disturbed HOMA-IR and HOMA-ß cell function indices, altered the morphological features of hepatocytes and pancreatic islet and overexpressed intestinal glucose transporters, SGLT1 and GLUT2. Repetitive oral administration of AE (1000 mg/kg) for 28 days ameliorated the biochemical abnormalities and improved HOMA-β cell function of diabetic rats. Histological studies revealed AE treatment preserved the integrity of pancreatic islet and protected hepatocytes from degeneration and atrophic effects of streptozotocin. Further analysis suggested the effect of AE in stimulating incretin hormones secretion via the action of DPP4 inhibitor and by modulating jejunal SGLT1 expression. In conclusion, the study suggested AE exerted its antidiabetic effect partially by stimulating insulin secretion via incretin hormone and intestinal glucose transporter pathway.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04933-8
spellingShingle Nur Izzati Razali
Tri Widyawati
Dwi Rita Anggraini
Vuanghao Lim
Nor Adlin Yusoff
Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
title Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
title_full Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
title_fullStr Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
title_full_unstemmed Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
title_short Effect of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
title_sort effect of nipa palm nypa fruticans wurmb vinegar on the incretin hormones and intestinal glucose transporters in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04933-8
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