Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in Korea
Study region: The Songjiho lagoon, located on Korea’s east coast, is a brackish water body influenced by both freshwater and seawater, resulting in unique hydrochemical conditions. Study focus: This study aimed to assess spatiotemporal variations and gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic...
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825001272 |
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| author | Chanyoung Jeong Woo-Hyun Jeon Dong-Hun Kim Soo Min Song Jung-Yun Lee Sung Pil Hyun Hee Sun Moon |
| author_facet | Chanyoung Jeong Woo-Hyun Jeon Dong-Hun Kim Soo Min Song Jung-Yun Lee Sung Pil Hyun Hee Sun Moon |
| author_sort | Chanyoung Jeong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Study region: The Songjiho lagoon, located on Korea’s east coast, is a brackish water body influenced by both freshwater and seawater, resulting in unique hydrochemical conditions. Study focus: This study aimed to assess spatiotemporal variations and gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interactions affecting hydrological processes in the coastal lagoon and groundwater. New hydrological insights for the region: A multidisciplinary approach was used to analyze seasonal hydrochemical variations and mixing processes. The Piper diagram identified three water types: Ca-HCO₃ (inland), Na-Cl (coastal), and Na-HCO₃ (transitional). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) classified hydrochemical characteristics into freshwater-like, saline water-influenced, and runoff-driven groups, revealing complex seasonal ion shifts due to rainfall. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and major ions were key indicators of seasonal changes, with rainfall increasing DOC and depleting ions in the lagoon. The Seawater Mixing Index (SMI) identified three coastal aquifer processes: freshwater recharge, fresh-saline mixing, and saline water intrusion. Inland areas exhibited lower ion concentrations due to freshwater recharge, while coastal aquifers experienced depth-dependent seawater intrusion, which weakened in the wet season due to rainfall-induced dilution. The lagoon exhibited the most significant seasonal variation, influenced by river inflow, surface runoff, and hydrodynamic controls. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring seasonal hydrochemical dynamics to manage seawater intrusion risks and ensure sustainable coastal groundwater resources. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-431a7961533f4ff0b2b7dd8617f55de4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2214-5818 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
| spelling | doaj-art-431a7961533f4ff0b2b7dd8617f55de42025-08-20T02:57:47ZengElsevierJournal of Hydrology: Regional Studies2214-58182025-04-015810230310.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102303Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in KoreaChanyoung Jeong0Woo-Hyun Jeon1Dong-Hun Kim2Soo Min Song3Jung-Yun Lee4Sung Pil Hyun5Hee Sun Moon6Groundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; Geological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of KoreaGroundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of KoreaGroundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of KoreaGroundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; Geological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaGroundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of KoreaGroundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of KoreaGroundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; Geological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author at: Groundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea.Study region: The Songjiho lagoon, located on Korea’s east coast, is a brackish water body influenced by both freshwater and seawater, resulting in unique hydrochemical conditions. Study focus: This study aimed to assess spatiotemporal variations and gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interactions affecting hydrological processes in the coastal lagoon and groundwater. New hydrological insights for the region: A multidisciplinary approach was used to analyze seasonal hydrochemical variations and mixing processes. The Piper diagram identified three water types: Ca-HCO₃ (inland), Na-Cl (coastal), and Na-HCO₃ (transitional). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) classified hydrochemical characteristics into freshwater-like, saline water-influenced, and runoff-driven groups, revealing complex seasonal ion shifts due to rainfall. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and major ions were key indicators of seasonal changes, with rainfall increasing DOC and depleting ions in the lagoon. The Seawater Mixing Index (SMI) identified three coastal aquifer processes: freshwater recharge, fresh-saline mixing, and saline water intrusion. Inland areas exhibited lower ion concentrations due to freshwater recharge, while coastal aquifers experienced depth-dependent seawater intrusion, which weakened in the wet season due to rainfall-induced dilution. The lagoon exhibited the most significant seasonal variation, influenced by river inflow, surface runoff, and hydrodynamic controls. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring seasonal hydrochemical dynamics to manage seawater intrusion risks and ensure sustainable coastal groundwater resources.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825001272Saline water intrusionFresh-saline water mixing processHydrochemistryCoastal lagoon-aquifer system |
| spellingShingle | Chanyoung Jeong Woo-Hyun Jeon Dong-Hun Kim Soo Min Song Jung-Yun Lee Sung Pil Hyun Hee Sun Moon Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in Korea Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Saline water intrusion Fresh-saline water mixing process Hydrochemistry Coastal lagoon-aquifer system |
| title | Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in Korea |
| title_full | Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in Korea |
| title_short | Effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Coastal Lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater in Korea |
| title_sort | effect of rainfall on spatiotemporal variation of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the coastal lagoon songjiho and groundwater in korea |
| topic | Saline water intrusion Fresh-saline water mixing process Hydrochemistry Coastal lagoon-aquifer system |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825001272 |
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