Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, Indonesia

This study explores the growing application of 3D remote sensing in geohazard studies, particularly for rock slope monitoring. It highlights the use of cost-effective Street View Imagery (SVI) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) through Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry as tools for 3D rockf...

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Main Authors: Tiggi Choanji, Michel Jaboyedoff, Yuniarti Yuskar, Anindita Samsu, Li Fei, Marc-Henri Derron
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/11/1888
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author Tiggi Choanji
Michel Jaboyedoff
Yuniarti Yuskar
Anindita Samsu
Li Fei
Marc-Henri Derron
author_facet Tiggi Choanji
Michel Jaboyedoff
Yuniarti Yuskar
Anindita Samsu
Li Fei
Marc-Henri Derron
author_sort Tiggi Choanji
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the growing application of 3D remote sensing in geohazard studies, particularly for rock slope monitoring. It highlights the use of cost-effective Street View Imagery (SVI) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) through Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry as tools for 3D rockfall monitoring. Using multi-temporal SVI and UAV Imagery from the Koto Panjang cliff in Indonesia, we quantify rockfall volume changes over seven years and assess associated geohazards. The results reveal a total rockfall retreat of 5270 m<sup>3</sup>, with an average annual rate of 7.53 m<sup>3</sup>/year. Structural analysis identified six major discontinuity sets and confirmed inherent instability within the rock mass. Kinematic simulations using SVI and UAV-derived data further assessed rockfall trajectories and potential impact zones. Results indicate that 40% of simulated rockfall deposits accumulated near existing roads, with significant differences in distribution based on scree slope angles. This emphasizes the role of scree slope in influencing rockfall propagation. In conclusion, SVI and UAV imagery presents a valuable tool for 3D point cloud reconstruction and rockfall hazard assessment, particularly in areas lacking historical data. The study showcases the effectiveness of using SVI and UAV imagery in quantifying historical past rockfall volume and identifies critical areas for mitigation strategies, highlighting the importance of scree slope angle in managing rockfall hazard.
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spelling doaj-art-4317d55ec48d46e08fcbb0abc1d540ee2025-08-20T02:33:08ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-05-011711188810.3390/rs17111888Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, IndonesiaTiggi Choanji0Michel Jaboyedoff1Yuniarti Yuskar2Anindita Samsu3Li Fei4Marc-Henri Derron5Risk Analysis Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandRisk Analysis Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandGeological Engineering Department, Islamic University of Riau, Kota Pekanbaru 28125, IndonesiaDeformation and Tectonics Research Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandRisk Analysis Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandRisk Analysis Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandThis study explores the growing application of 3D remote sensing in geohazard studies, particularly for rock slope monitoring. It highlights the use of cost-effective Street View Imagery (SVI) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) through Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry as tools for 3D rockfall monitoring. Using multi-temporal SVI and UAV Imagery from the Koto Panjang cliff in Indonesia, we quantify rockfall volume changes over seven years and assess associated geohazards. The results reveal a total rockfall retreat of 5270 m<sup>3</sup>, with an average annual rate of 7.53 m<sup>3</sup>/year. Structural analysis identified six major discontinuity sets and confirmed inherent instability within the rock mass. Kinematic simulations using SVI and UAV-derived data further assessed rockfall trajectories and potential impact zones. Results indicate that 40% of simulated rockfall deposits accumulated near existing roads, with significant differences in distribution based on scree slope angles. This emphasizes the role of scree slope in influencing rockfall propagation. In conclusion, SVI and UAV imagery presents a valuable tool for 3D point cloud reconstruction and rockfall hazard assessment, particularly in areas lacking historical data. The study showcases the effectiveness of using SVI and UAV imagery in quantifying historical past rockfall volume and identifies critical areas for mitigation strategies, highlighting the importance of scree slope angle in managing rockfall hazard.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/11/1888rockfallSVIUAVIndonesia
spellingShingle Tiggi Choanji
Michel Jaboyedoff
Yuniarti Yuskar
Anindita Samsu
Li Fei
Marc-Henri Derron
Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, Indonesia
Remote Sensing
rockfall
SVI
UAV
Indonesia
title Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, Indonesia
title_full Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, Indonesia
title_fullStr Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, Indonesia
title_short Evolution of Rockfall Based on Structure from Motion Reconstruction of Street View Imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data: Case Study from Koto Panjang, Indonesia
title_sort evolution of rockfall based on structure from motion reconstruction of street view imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle data case study from koto panjang indonesia
topic rockfall
SVI
UAV
Indonesia
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/11/1888
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