Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machine
Abstract In response to the current issues of one-sided effective feature extraction and low classification accuracy in multi-class motor imagery recognition, this study proposes an Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal recognition method based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimized multi-kernel e...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87569-5 |
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| author | Shan Guan Tingrui Dong Long-kun Cong |
| author_facet | Shan Guan Tingrui Dong Long-kun Cong |
| author_sort | Shan Guan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In response to the current issues of one-sided effective feature extraction and low classification accuracy in multi-class motor imagery recognition, this study proposes an Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal recognition method based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimized multi-kernel extreme learning machine. Firstly, the EEG signals are preprocessed using the Improved Comprehensive Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (ICEEMD) algorithm combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient to eliminate noise and interference. Secondly, multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model, wavelet packet decomposition, and Riemannian geometry methods are used to extract features from the time domain, frequency domain, and spatial domain, respectively, to construct a joint time-frequency-space feature vector. Subsequently, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is employed to fuse and reduce the dimensionality of the joint features, resulting in a reduced-dimensional fused feature vector. Finally, these feature vectors are input into a Radius-incorporated multi-kernel extreme learning machine (RIO-MKELM) for classification. The experimental results indicate that through multi-domain feature fusion and the incorporation of radius in a multi-kernel extreme learning machine, feature selection can be performed more effectively, eliminating redundant or irrelevant features and retaining the most useful information for classification. This approach enhances classification accuracy and other evaluation metrics, with the final classification accuracy reaching 95.49%, sensitivity at 97.88%, specificity at 98.12%, recall at 97.88%, and F1 Score at 96.67%. The findings of this study are of significant importance for the development and practical application of brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-430cc810e369480da8712c929ed83a16 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-430cc810e369480da8712c929ed83a162025-08-20T02:01:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115112110.1038/s41598-025-87569-5Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machineShan Guan0Tingrui Dong1Long-kun Cong2School of Mechanic Engineering, Northeast Electric Power UniversitySchool of Mechanic Engineering, Northeast Electric Power UniversitySchool of Mechanic Engineering, Northeast Electric Power UniversityAbstract In response to the current issues of one-sided effective feature extraction and low classification accuracy in multi-class motor imagery recognition, this study proposes an Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal recognition method based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimized multi-kernel extreme learning machine. Firstly, the EEG signals are preprocessed using the Improved Comprehensive Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (ICEEMD) algorithm combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient to eliminate noise and interference. Secondly, multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model, wavelet packet decomposition, and Riemannian geometry methods are used to extract features from the time domain, frequency domain, and spatial domain, respectively, to construct a joint time-frequency-space feature vector. Subsequently, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is employed to fuse and reduce the dimensionality of the joint features, resulting in a reduced-dimensional fused feature vector. Finally, these feature vectors are input into a Radius-incorporated multi-kernel extreme learning machine (RIO-MKELM) for classification. The experimental results indicate that through multi-domain feature fusion and the incorporation of radius in a multi-kernel extreme learning machine, feature selection can be performed more effectively, eliminating redundant or irrelevant features and retaining the most useful information for classification. This approach enhances classification accuracy and other evaluation metrics, with the final classification accuracy reaching 95.49%, sensitivity at 97.88%, specificity at 98.12%, recall at 97.88%, and F1 Score at 96.67%. The findings of this study are of significant importance for the development and practical application of brain-computer interface (BCI) systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87569-5EEGMulticlass Motor ImageryMulti-domain Feature FusionKernel principal component analysisMulti-kernel Extreme Learning Machine |
| spellingShingle | Shan Guan Tingrui Dong Long-kun Cong Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machine Scientific Reports EEG Multiclass Motor Imagery Multi-domain Feature Fusion Kernel principal component analysis Multi-kernel Extreme Learning Machine |
| title | Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machine |
| title_full | Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machine |
| title_fullStr | Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machine |
| title_short | Method for EEG signal recognition based on multi-domain feature fusion and optimization of multi-kernel extreme learning machine |
| title_sort | method for eeg signal recognition based on multi domain feature fusion and optimization of multi kernel extreme learning machine |
| topic | EEG Multiclass Motor Imagery Multi-domain Feature Fusion Kernel principal component analysis Multi-kernel Extreme Learning Machine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87569-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shanguan methodforeegsignalrecognitionbasedonmultidomainfeaturefusionandoptimizationofmultikernelextremelearningmachine AT tingruidong methodforeegsignalrecognitionbasedonmultidomainfeaturefusionandoptimizationofmultikernelextremelearningmachine AT longkuncong methodforeegsignalrecognitionbasedonmultidomainfeaturefusionandoptimizationofmultikernelextremelearningmachine |