Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes

This study investigates the enhancement of pyrite (FeS₂) through functionalization with silanol (SiO₂) and silanol-amino (SiO₂-NH₂) groups to optimize its adsorption and photocatalytic performance for removing cationic (methylene blue, MB) and anionic (methyl orange, MO) dyes. Functionalized core-sh...

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Main Authors: Vahid Mohammadbeigi, Ebrahim Allahkarami, Amirreza Azadmehr
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625002644
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author Vahid Mohammadbeigi
Ebrahim Allahkarami
Amirreza Azadmehr
author_facet Vahid Mohammadbeigi
Ebrahim Allahkarami
Amirreza Azadmehr
author_sort Vahid Mohammadbeigi
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the enhancement of pyrite (FeS₂) through functionalization with silanol (SiO₂) and silanol-amino (SiO₂-NH₂) groups to optimize its adsorption and photocatalytic performance for removing cationic (methylene blue, MB) and anionic (methyl orange, MO) dyes. Functionalized core-shell composites, Pyrite@SiO₂ and Pyrite@SiO₂-NH₂, were synthesized via a sol-gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTS). Comprehensive characterization through XRF, XRD, FT-IR, TEM, UV–vis DRS, and BET analysis revealed spherical nanoparticles with smooth surfaces and uniform SiO₂/SiO₂-NH₂ coatings (200–300 nm thick). Functionalization significantly increased the specific surface area from 0.64 m2/g (raw pyrite) to 3.21 m2/g, enhancing pollutant interaction sites. Adsorption dominated over photocatalytic degradation under both UV and dark conditions, with maximum capacities of 36.5 mg/g (MO) and 34.0 mg/g (MB) at 298 K. Kinetic studies aligned with the pseudo-second-order model, while mass transfer analysis identified intraparticle diffusion as the primary mechanism. Although UV irradiation marginally improved dye removal, surface charge modification via SiO₂-NH₂ groups notably enhanced MO adsorption through electrostatic interactions. These findings underscore pyrite's potential as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment, with surface functionalization offering a strategic avenue to tailor affinity for target pollutants, prioritizing adsorption over photocatalytic approaches.
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spelling doaj-art-4301566af2ff49978d36faccdcbbb3a62025-08-20T03:46:38ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-05-011510228110.1016/j.rechem.2025.102281Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyesVahid Mohammadbeigi0Ebrahim Allahkarami1Amirreza Azadmehr2Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranDepartment of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranCorresponding author.; Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranThis study investigates the enhancement of pyrite (FeS₂) through functionalization with silanol (SiO₂) and silanol-amino (SiO₂-NH₂) groups to optimize its adsorption and photocatalytic performance for removing cationic (methylene blue, MB) and anionic (methyl orange, MO) dyes. Functionalized core-shell composites, Pyrite@SiO₂ and Pyrite@SiO₂-NH₂, were synthesized via a sol-gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTS). Comprehensive characterization through XRF, XRD, FT-IR, TEM, UV–vis DRS, and BET analysis revealed spherical nanoparticles with smooth surfaces and uniform SiO₂/SiO₂-NH₂ coatings (200–300 nm thick). Functionalization significantly increased the specific surface area from 0.64 m2/g (raw pyrite) to 3.21 m2/g, enhancing pollutant interaction sites. Adsorption dominated over photocatalytic degradation under both UV and dark conditions, with maximum capacities of 36.5 mg/g (MO) and 34.0 mg/g (MB) at 298 K. Kinetic studies aligned with the pseudo-second-order model, while mass transfer analysis identified intraparticle diffusion as the primary mechanism. Although UV irradiation marginally improved dye removal, surface charge modification via SiO₂-NH₂ groups notably enhanced MO adsorption through electrostatic interactions. These findings underscore pyrite's potential as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment, with surface functionalization offering a strategic avenue to tailor affinity for target pollutants, prioritizing adsorption over photocatalytic approaches.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625002644Pyrite functionalizationCore-shell adsorbentsDye removal
spellingShingle Vahid Mohammadbeigi
Ebrahim Allahkarami
Amirreza Azadmehr
Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes
Results in Chemistry
Pyrite functionalization
Core-shell adsorbents
Dye removal
title Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes
title_full Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes
title_fullStr Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes
title_full_unstemmed Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes
title_short Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes
title_sort revealing the potential of functionalized fes2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes
topic Pyrite functionalization
Core-shell adsorbents
Dye removal
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625002644
work_keys_str_mv AT vahidmohammadbeigi revealingthepotentialoffunctionalizedfes2compositesasefficientphotocatalystsforimprovedremovalofcationicandanionicdyes
AT ebrahimallahkarami revealingthepotentialoffunctionalizedfes2compositesasefficientphotocatalystsforimprovedremovalofcationicandanionicdyes
AT amirrezaazadmehr revealingthepotentialoffunctionalizedfes2compositesasefficientphotocatalystsforimprovedremovalofcationicandanionicdyes