Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China

Abstract The Green View Index (GVI) is utilized to evaluate urban street value and ecosystem services and to gauge public perceptions of street greening. This study investigates the spatial heterogeneity of the GVI and its influencing factors in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, a mountainous city in Chi...

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Main Authors: Aiping Gou, Xuyuan Wang, Jiangbo Wang, Chenjie Wang, Guanzheng Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97946-9
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author Aiping Gou
Xuyuan Wang
Jiangbo Wang
Chenjie Wang
Guanzheng Tan
author_facet Aiping Gou
Xuyuan Wang
Jiangbo Wang
Chenjie Wang
Guanzheng Tan
author_sort Aiping Gou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Green View Index (GVI) is utilized to evaluate urban street value and ecosystem services and to gauge public perceptions of street greening. This study investigates the spatial heterogeneity of the GVI and its influencing factors in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, a mountainous city in China. Deep learning algorithms were employed to calculate the green visibility of street view images, and Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) and the Optimal Parameter-Based Geodetector (OPGD) were utilized to analyze the relationships between GVI and factors such as road physical attributes, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and topographic features. The results indicate that: (1) In Yuzhong District, 58.9% of streets have a GVI within a low to moderate range, suggesting room for improvement. Higher GVI levels are generally associated with elevated Digital Elevation Models (DEM), while slope, aspect, and terrain undulation have relatively minor overall impacts on GVI. (2) The GVI is highest in the western regions and lowest in the eastern regions, with streets along the riversides exhibiting lower GVI levels. (3) GWR analysis reveals that road type and NDVI significantly influence the GVI. Higher DEM values promote increased GVI, whereas high road density suppresses it. (4) The interaction between influencing factors drives the differentiated distribution of GVI within the study area. The interaction effects between Road type, NDVI, and DEM are particularly notable among these.
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issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-42fcac82939940feba98bf2155c74bb12025-08-20T03:10:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-97946-9Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, ChinaAiping Gou0Xuyuan Wang1Jiangbo Wang2Chenjie Wang3Guanzheng Tan4School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of TechnologySchool of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of TechnologyCollege of Architecture, Nanjing Tech UniversitySchool of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of TechnologySchool of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of TechnologyAbstract The Green View Index (GVI) is utilized to evaluate urban street value and ecosystem services and to gauge public perceptions of street greening. This study investigates the spatial heterogeneity of the GVI and its influencing factors in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, a mountainous city in China. Deep learning algorithms were employed to calculate the green visibility of street view images, and Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) and the Optimal Parameter-Based Geodetector (OPGD) were utilized to analyze the relationships between GVI and factors such as road physical attributes, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and topographic features. The results indicate that: (1) In Yuzhong District, 58.9% of streets have a GVI within a low to moderate range, suggesting room for improvement. Higher GVI levels are generally associated with elevated Digital Elevation Models (DEM), while slope, aspect, and terrain undulation have relatively minor overall impacts on GVI. (2) The GVI is highest in the western regions and lowest in the eastern regions, with streets along the riversides exhibiting lower GVI levels. (3) GWR analysis reveals that road type and NDVI significantly influence the GVI. Higher DEM values promote increased GVI, whereas high road density suppresses it. (4) The interaction between influencing factors drives the differentiated distribution of GVI within the study area. The interaction effects between Road type, NDVI, and DEM are particularly notable among these.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97946-9Mountainous citiesGreen view indexSpatial patternInfluencing factorsOptimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD)
spellingShingle Aiping Gou
Xuyuan Wang
Jiangbo Wang
Chenjie Wang
Guanzheng Tan
Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
Scientific Reports
Mountainous cities
Green view index
Spatial pattern
Influencing factors
Optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD)
title Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
title_full Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
title_fullStr Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
title_full_unstemmed Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
title_short Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities: a case study of Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
title_sort spatial pattern and heterogeneity of green view index in mountainous cities a case study of yuzhong district chongqing china
topic Mountainous cities
Green view index
Spatial pattern
Influencing factors
Optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97946-9
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