Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis Stability

ABSTRACT Objective In patients with varus deformity of the knee, the redistribution of the subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia leads to sclerotic zones that may cause osteoarthritis. Drilling the sclerotic area of the tibia prior to cementing during total knee arthroplasty is advisab...

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Main Authors: Chao Sun, Chunyan Wang, Jintang Li, Chengyan Liu, Zhilin Wei, Zhiguo Bi, Yeran Li, Shuqiang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Orthopaedic Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70025
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author Chao Sun
Chunyan Wang
Jintang Li
Chengyan Liu
Zhilin Wei
Zhiguo Bi
Yeran Li
Shuqiang Li
author_facet Chao Sun
Chunyan Wang
Jintang Li
Chengyan Liu
Zhilin Wei
Zhiguo Bi
Yeran Li
Shuqiang Li
author_sort Chao Sun
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective In patients with varus deformity of the knee, the redistribution of the subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia leads to sclerotic zones that may cause osteoarthritis. Drilling the sclerotic area of the tibia prior to cementing during total knee arthroplasty is advisable practice. However, the extent of the sclerotic area and the effect of drilling on the tibial component are not well defined. We aimed to quantify the BMD and sclerotic bone distribution of the knee to clarify the effect of drilling on the stability of the prosthesis. Methods Our retrospective cohort study enrolled a total of 97 patients from December 2018 to December 2019, categorized into drilled and nondrilled groups, with their computed tomography (CT) knee joint images documented. The proximal tibia image was divided into nine regions, the BMD of each region calculated, and CT values compared between the affected and normal sides. We established finite element models to analyze the drilling and stress distribution. The differences in CT values were assessed using the paired t test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Results The mean thickness of sclerotic bone was 7.7 ± 1.4 mm, and the surface area was 441.9 ± 89.4 mm2. The CT values of the affected anteromedial, anterolateral, mediomedial, mediolateral, posteromedial, posteromedian, and posterolateral tibial areas were significantly higher than their normal counterparts. Stress concentration around the boreholes in all finite element models is minimal, with stress values ranging from 0.01 to 3.73 MPa, markedly lower than the 13.93 MPa observed in the undrilled model. Conclusion Abnormal stress in the proximal tibia alters the distribution pattern of BMD, and drilling in the sclerotic area is associated with improved prosthesis stability.
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spelling doaj-art-42f681ff92f34d02bb32ce5d27faedaa2025-08-20T02:11:15ZengWileyOrthopaedic Surgery1757-78531757-78612025-05-011751397140510.1111/os.70025Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis StabilityChao Sun0Chunyan Wang1Jintang Li2Chengyan Liu3Zhilin Wei4Zhiguo Bi5Yeran Li6Shuqiang Li7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Neuroscience Center The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun ChinaABSTRACT Objective In patients with varus deformity of the knee, the redistribution of the subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia leads to sclerotic zones that may cause osteoarthritis. Drilling the sclerotic area of the tibia prior to cementing during total knee arthroplasty is advisable practice. However, the extent of the sclerotic area and the effect of drilling on the tibial component are not well defined. We aimed to quantify the BMD and sclerotic bone distribution of the knee to clarify the effect of drilling on the stability of the prosthesis. Methods Our retrospective cohort study enrolled a total of 97 patients from December 2018 to December 2019, categorized into drilled and nondrilled groups, with their computed tomography (CT) knee joint images documented. The proximal tibia image was divided into nine regions, the BMD of each region calculated, and CT values compared between the affected and normal sides. We established finite element models to analyze the drilling and stress distribution. The differences in CT values were assessed using the paired t test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Results The mean thickness of sclerotic bone was 7.7 ± 1.4 mm, and the surface area was 441.9 ± 89.4 mm2. The CT values of the affected anteromedial, anterolateral, mediomedial, mediolateral, posteromedial, posteromedian, and posterolateral tibial areas were significantly higher than their normal counterparts. Stress concentration around the boreholes in all finite element models is minimal, with stress values ranging from 0.01 to 3.73 MPa, markedly lower than the 13.93 MPa observed in the undrilled model. Conclusion Abnormal stress in the proximal tibia alters the distribution pattern of BMD, and drilling in the sclerotic area is associated with improved prosthesis stability.https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70025bone densityfinite element analysisosteoarthritisstress distributiontotal knee arthroplasty
spellingShingle Chao Sun
Chunyan Wang
Jintang Li
Chengyan Liu
Zhilin Wei
Zhiguo Bi
Yeran Li
Shuqiang Li
Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis Stability
Orthopaedic Surgery
bone density
finite element analysis
osteoarthritis
stress distribution
total knee arthroplasty
title Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis Stability
title_full Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis Stability
title_fullStr Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis Stability
title_full_unstemmed Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis Stability
title_short Creating Perforations in the Sclerotic Region of the Proximal Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty to Enhance Prosthesis Stability
title_sort creating perforations in the sclerotic region of the proximal tibia during total knee arthroplasty to enhance prosthesis stability
topic bone density
finite element analysis
osteoarthritis
stress distribution
total knee arthroplasty
url https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70025
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