Studying Intra-Night Optical Variability of AGNs Using the TESS Survey Data

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit significant luminosity variations across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with timescales ranging from hours to years. Studying the optical variability of AGNs provides crucial insights into their physical properties. In this study, we explore the intra-nigh...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yujian Yang, Bo Ma, Chen Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Universe
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/10/12/434
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Summary:Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit significant luminosity variations across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with timescales ranging from hours to years. Studying the optical variability of AGNs provides crucial insights into their physical properties. In this study, we explore the intra-night optical variability (INOV) of AGNs using data from the TESS satellite’s all-sky survey. We derive differential light curves for a sample of 56 AGNs from 30-min cadence TESS full-frame images. Our analysis confirms that BL Lac objects typically exhibit stronger INOV compared to quasars, which generally show weaker variability. The duty cycle for INOV with an amplitude greater than 3% is approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for quasars and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>22</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for BL Lac objects. For INOV with an amplitude exceeding 10%, the corresponding duty cycle decreases to about <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.5</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.3</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. Furthermore, we identify a potential linear-log relationship between the duty cycle and the INOV amplitude, based on results from this study and previous findings, particularly from the ARIES program.
ISSN:2218-1997