The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and end-organ damage worldwide. Traditionally, it has been linked to factors such as genetics, diet, and lifestyle. However, increasing research indicates that the immune system also plays an important role in the initiation a...

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Main Authors: XiaoLi Chen, Ling Sun, Ke Xuan, Aifen Zong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Hypertension
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10641963.2025.2535328
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author XiaoLi Chen
Ling Sun
Ke Xuan
Aifen Zong
author_facet XiaoLi Chen
Ling Sun
Ke Xuan
Aifen Zong
author_sort XiaoLi Chen
collection DOAJ
description Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and end-organ damage worldwide. Traditionally, it has been linked to factors such as genetics, diet, and lifestyle. However, increasing research indicates that the immune system also plays an important role in the initiation and progression of hypertension. In the initiation phase, pro-hypertensive stimuli including chronic sympathetic nervous system (SNS), high salt intake and imbalanced gut microbes all influence the function of immune cells, contributing to the development of elevated blood pressure. As hypertension progresses, many immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, B and T lymphocytes, accumulate in organs such as the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. These cells release effector cytokines and reactive oxygen species, exacerbating tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Meanwhile, numerous studies suggest that intervening in immune inflammatory processes has the potential to regulate blood pressure and prevent damage to vital organs. This review aims to explore the role of immune regulation in various stages of hypertension and the progress of research on immune interventions for hypertension treatment, with the aim of providing new perspectives and approaches for future research and treatment of hypertension.
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spelling doaj-art-42d28b2c5bca4fe5bb71b49ac8396e6b2025-08-22T13:00:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupClinical and Experimental Hypertension1064-19631525-60062025-12-0147110.1080/10641963.2025.2535328The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory researchXiaoLi Chen0Ling Sun1Ke Xuan2Aifen Zong3Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Huantai County, Zibo, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Electrocardiography, People’s Hospital of Huantai County, Zibo, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Huantai County, Zibo, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Huantai County, Zibo, Shandong, ChinaHypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and end-organ damage worldwide. Traditionally, it has been linked to factors such as genetics, diet, and lifestyle. However, increasing research indicates that the immune system also plays an important role in the initiation and progression of hypertension. In the initiation phase, pro-hypertensive stimuli including chronic sympathetic nervous system (SNS), high salt intake and imbalanced gut microbes all influence the function of immune cells, contributing to the development of elevated blood pressure. As hypertension progresses, many immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, B and T lymphocytes, accumulate in organs such as the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. These cells release effector cytokines and reactive oxygen species, exacerbating tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Meanwhile, numerous studies suggest that intervening in immune inflammatory processes has the potential to regulate blood pressure and prevent damage to vital organs. This review aims to explore the role of immune regulation in various stages of hypertension and the progress of research on immune interventions for hypertension treatment, with the aim of providing new perspectives and approaches for future research and treatment of hypertension.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10641963.2025.2535328Hypertensionimmune systemimmune activationorgan damageimmunotherapy
spellingShingle XiaoLi Chen
Ling Sun
Ke Xuan
Aifen Zong
The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension
Hypertension
immune system
immune activation
organ damage
immunotherapy
title The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research
title_full The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research
title_fullStr The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research
title_full_unstemmed The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research
title_short The role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research
title_sort role of immune mechanisms in hypertension and advances in immunomodulatory research
topic Hypertension
immune system
immune activation
organ damage
immunotherapy
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10641963.2025.2535328
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