Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen in both clinical and food safety contexts, capable of contaminating table eggs, which are a common dietary staple worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and antibiotic resistance profiles o...

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Main Authors: Palash Bose, Kazi Abdus Sobur, Md. Bakhtiar Lijon, Md. Zaminur Rahman, Tanvir Ahamed, Papia Sultana, Muhammad Muktaruzzaman, Mst. Minara Khatun, Md. Ariful Islam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tripoli University 2025-03-01
Series:Open Veterinary Journal
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Online Access:http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=228992
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author Palash Bose
Kazi Abdus Sobur
Md. Bakhtiar Lijon
Md. Zaminur Rahman
Tanvir Ahamed
Papia Sultana
Muhammad Muktaruzzaman
Mst. Minara Khatun
Md. Ariful Islam
author_facet Palash Bose
Kazi Abdus Sobur
Md. Bakhtiar Lijon
Md. Zaminur Rahman
Tanvir Ahamed
Papia Sultana
Muhammad Muktaruzzaman
Mst. Minara Khatun
Md. Ariful Islam
author_sort Palash Bose
collection DOAJ
description Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen in both clinical and food safety contexts, capable of contaminating table eggs, which are a common dietary staple worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus isolated from table eggs. The focus was on identifying methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains that produce enterotoxin (seb), resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (blaTEM), resistance to tetracycline (tetA), and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Methods: A total of 200 egg samples were collected from various retail sources in Mymensingh City Corporation, Bangladesh. Swab samples (n=100) were taken from eggshells, and another 100 samples from the inner membrane, egg white, and yolk. Samples were enriched in Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) and cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar. S. aureus was isolated through conventional culture techniques, confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the nuc gene, and further screened for the mecA, seb, blaTEM, tetA, vanA, and vanC genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method against 13 antibiotics. Bivariate analysis to assess the strong and significant correlations between virulence genes and the pairs of any of two antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Results: Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus were detected in 53% and 21% of eggshell samples, respectively, and in 41% and 13% of egg content samples. Among 34 coagulase-positive isolates, 12 (57.14%) from eggshells and 4 (30.78%) from egg contents were positive for the nuc gene. Resistance was observed in eggshell isolates for mecA (33.33%), blaTEM (85.71%), tetA (33.33%), vanA (19.04%), vanC (33.33%), and seb (20.50%), while egg content isolates showed resistance to blaTEM (46.15%) and vanC (7.80%). All coagulase-positive isolates exhibited significant resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, and glycopeptides, especially vancomycin. Notably, 19 (90.47%) and 12 (92.30%) isolates from eggshells and egg contents, respectively, were multidrug-resistant, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranging from 0.23 to 0.76. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus in table eggs, posing a significant public health risk. The presence of MRSA and strains with enterotoxins and resistance genes underscores the need for enhanced monitoring, stricter biosecurity measures, and robust control strategies in egg production and distribution to ensure food safety. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(3.000): 1187-1205]
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spelling doaj-art-42b8e96017384c7f93b4aed20107dbdd2025-08-20T02:11:58ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502025-03-011531187120510.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.11228992Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public healthPalash Bose0Kazi Abdus Sobur1Md. Bakhtiar Lijon2Md. Zaminur Rahman3Tanvir Ahamed4Papia Sultana5Muhammad Muktaruzzaman6Mst. Minara Khatun7Md. Ariful Islam8Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Department of Animal Production, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen in both clinical and food safety contexts, capable of contaminating table eggs, which are a common dietary staple worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus isolated from table eggs. The focus was on identifying methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains that produce enterotoxin (seb), resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (blaTEM), resistance to tetracycline (tetA), and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Methods: A total of 200 egg samples were collected from various retail sources in Mymensingh City Corporation, Bangladesh. Swab samples (n=100) were taken from eggshells, and another 100 samples from the inner membrane, egg white, and yolk. Samples were enriched in Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) and cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar. S. aureus was isolated through conventional culture techniques, confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the nuc gene, and further screened for the mecA, seb, blaTEM, tetA, vanA, and vanC genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method against 13 antibiotics. Bivariate analysis to assess the strong and significant correlations between virulence genes and the pairs of any of two antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Results: Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus were detected in 53% and 21% of eggshell samples, respectively, and in 41% and 13% of egg content samples. Among 34 coagulase-positive isolates, 12 (57.14%) from eggshells and 4 (30.78%) from egg contents were positive for the nuc gene. Resistance was observed in eggshell isolates for mecA (33.33%), blaTEM (85.71%), tetA (33.33%), vanA (19.04%), vanC (33.33%), and seb (20.50%), while egg content isolates showed resistance to blaTEM (46.15%) and vanC (7.80%). All coagulase-positive isolates exhibited significant resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, and glycopeptides, especially vancomycin. Notably, 19 (90.47%) and 12 (92.30%) isolates from eggshells and egg contents, respectively, were multidrug-resistant, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranging from 0.23 to 0.76. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus in table eggs, posing a significant public health risk. The presence of MRSA and strains with enterotoxins and resistance genes underscores the need for enhanced monitoring, stricter biosecurity measures, and robust control strategies in egg production and distribution to ensure food safety. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(3.000): 1187-1205]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=228992antibiogramenterotoxinmdrmrsatable eggsvrsa
spellingShingle Palash Bose
Kazi Abdus Sobur
Md. Bakhtiar Lijon
Md. Zaminur Rahman
Tanvir Ahamed
Papia Sultana
Muhammad Muktaruzzaman
Mst. Minara Khatun
Md. Ariful Islam
Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health
Open Veterinary Journal
antibiogram
enterotoxin
mdr
mrsa
table eggs
vrsa
title Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health
title_full Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health
title_fullStr Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health
title_short Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health
title_sort characterization of enterotoxin antibiotic resistance genes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of staphylococcus aureus isolated from table eggs implications for food safety and public health
topic antibiogram
enterotoxin
mdr
mrsa
table eggs
vrsa
url http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=228992
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