Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter Study

Objective This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the impact of paravertebral muscles (PVMs) degeneration, particularly fat infiltration, on preoperative sagittal imbalance, and postoperative complications and sagittal alignment change in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Methods A retros...

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Main Authors: Jun Ouchida, Yoshinori Morita, Sadayuki Ito, Naoki Segi, Ippei Yamauchi, Tokumi Kanemura, Tetsuya Ohara, Taichi Tsuji, Ryuichi Shinjyo, Shiro Imagama, Hiroaki Nakashima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korean Spinal Neurosurgery Society 2025-03-01
Series:Neurospine
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Online Access:http://e-neurospine.org/upload/pdf/ns-2449174-587.pdf
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author Jun Ouchida
Yoshinori Morita
Sadayuki Ito
Naoki Segi
Ippei Yamauchi
Tokumi Kanemura
Tetsuya Ohara
Taichi Tsuji
Ryuichi Shinjyo
Shiro Imagama
Hiroaki Nakashima
author_facet Jun Ouchida
Yoshinori Morita
Sadayuki Ito
Naoki Segi
Ippei Yamauchi
Tokumi Kanemura
Tetsuya Ohara
Taichi Tsuji
Ryuichi Shinjyo
Shiro Imagama
Hiroaki Nakashima
author_sort Jun Ouchida
collection DOAJ
description Objective This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the impact of paravertebral muscles (PVMs) degeneration, particularly fat infiltration, on preoperative sagittal imbalance, and postoperative complications and sagittal alignment change in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 454 patients who underwent ASD surgery across 5 institutions. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on paraspinal muscle fat infiltration on MRI: those with significant infiltration (FI-PVM(+)) and those with minimal or no infiltration (FI-PVM(-)). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for demographic factors and preoperative radiographical parameters. Spinopelvic parameters were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at a 2-year follow-up. Mechanical complications were compared between the groups. Results The FI-PVM(+) group showed greater sagittal vertical axis (86.4 ± 57.5 vs. 51.8 ± 59.2, p < 0.001) preoperatively and required more extensive surgical correction with a significantly greater number of fused vertebral levels (7.3 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 3.7, p < 0.039). After propensity score matching, both groups showed significant improvement in spinopelvic alignment postoperatively, maintained throughout the 2-year follow-up. However, the FI-PVM(+) group demonstrated a trend toward a higher incidence of distal junctional kyphosis (6.3% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.070) and exhibited significantly greater decrease in pelvic tilt postoperatively (4.3° ± 7.6° vs. 1.3° ± 8.2°, p = 0.006). Conclusion Fat infiltration in PVM is associated with increased surgical complexity and a higher risk of mechanical complications. Preoperative assessment of muscle quality, along with targeted rehabilitation and closer postoperative monitoring, may be crucial for improving long-term outcomes in ASD surgery.
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spelling doaj-art-42b2518df3db41b1aa2e1d96352bf6142025-08-20T03:04:38ZengKorean Spinal Neurosurgery SocietyNeurospine2586-65832586-65912025-03-01221303710.14245/ns.2449174.5871677Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter StudyJun Ouchida0Yoshinori Morita1Sadayuki Ito2Naoki Segi3Ippei Yamauchi4Tokumi Kanemura5Tetsuya Ohara6Taichi Tsuji7Ryuichi Shinjyo8Shiro Imagama9Hiroaki Nakashima10 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Meijyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anjyo Kosei Hospital, Anjyo, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JapanObjective This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the impact of paravertebral muscles (PVMs) degeneration, particularly fat infiltration, on preoperative sagittal imbalance, and postoperative complications and sagittal alignment change in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 454 patients who underwent ASD surgery across 5 institutions. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on paraspinal muscle fat infiltration on MRI: those with significant infiltration (FI-PVM(+)) and those with minimal or no infiltration (FI-PVM(-)). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for demographic factors and preoperative radiographical parameters. Spinopelvic parameters were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at a 2-year follow-up. Mechanical complications were compared between the groups. Results The FI-PVM(+) group showed greater sagittal vertical axis (86.4 ± 57.5 vs. 51.8 ± 59.2, p < 0.001) preoperatively and required more extensive surgical correction with a significantly greater number of fused vertebral levels (7.3 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 3.7, p < 0.039). After propensity score matching, both groups showed significant improvement in spinopelvic alignment postoperatively, maintained throughout the 2-year follow-up. However, the FI-PVM(+) group demonstrated a trend toward a higher incidence of distal junctional kyphosis (6.3% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.070) and exhibited significantly greater decrease in pelvic tilt postoperatively (4.3° ± 7.6° vs. 1.3° ± 8.2°, p = 0.006). Conclusion Fat infiltration in PVM is associated with increased surgical complexity and a higher risk of mechanical complications. Preoperative assessment of muscle quality, along with targeted rehabilitation and closer postoperative monitoring, may be crucial for improving long-term outcomes in ASD surgery.http://e-neurospine.org/upload/pdf/ns-2449174-587.pdfspinebone malalignmentparaspinal muscles
spellingShingle Jun Ouchida
Yoshinori Morita
Sadayuki Ito
Naoki Segi
Ippei Yamauchi
Tokumi Kanemura
Tetsuya Ohara
Taichi Tsuji
Ryuichi Shinjyo
Shiro Imagama
Hiroaki Nakashima
Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter Study
Neurospine
spine
bone malalignment
paraspinal muscles
title Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter Study
title_full Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter Study
title_fullStr Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter Study
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter Study
title_short Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration on Surgical Outcomes and Radiographical Sagittal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multicenter Study
title_sort impact of paraspinal muscle degeneration on surgical outcomes and radiographical sagittal alignment in adult spinal deformity a multicenter study
topic spine
bone malalignment
paraspinal muscles
url http://e-neurospine.org/upload/pdf/ns-2449174-587.pdf
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