Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary Hospital

Objectives: To describe the outcome of patients with bilateral or unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk histopathological features managed at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective review of retinoblastoma cases with high-risk histopathological...

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Main Authors: Patricia E. Cabrera, MD, Gary JV. Mercado, MD, Rolando Enrique D. Domingo, MD, Rafael Valenzuela, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology 2013-06-01
Series:Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/229
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author Patricia E. Cabrera, MD
Gary JV. Mercado, MD
Rolando Enrique D. Domingo, MD
Rafael Valenzuela, MD
author_facet Patricia E. Cabrera, MD
Gary JV. Mercado, MD
Rolando Enrique D. Domingo, MD
Rafael Valenzuela, MD
author_sort Patricia E. Cabrera, MD
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: To describe the outcome of patients with bilateral or unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk histopathological features managed at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective review of retinoblastoma cases with high-risk histopathological characteristics seen at a tertiary hospital from January 1999 to July 2012. Out of 239 patients, those with at least one of the following features were included in the study: positive cut optic nerve margin, postlaminar optic nerve involvement (PLONI), intra- or extrascleral involvement, choroidal invasion, and anterior segment involvement. We determined the number of patients who developed orbital recurrence and metastasis, otherwise known as events, within 1 year after enucleation or exenteration and compared the outcomes between those who received and did not receive adjuvant therapy. Results: Of the 82 eyes of 79 patients with high-risk histopathologic features, 25.6% had orbital recurrence and 18.3% developed central nervous system, lymph node, or distant metastasis. None with isolated choroidal involvement (n=24) or combined choroidal and anterior segment involvement (n=4) developed recurrence or metastasis. Patients with isolated anterior segment (n=1) and PLONI with negative margin involvement (n=1) remained event-free with chemotherapy. The following developed orbital recurrences: 2 of 9 patients with combined choroid and scleral involvement, and 1 of 8 patients with PLONI negative margin and choroidal involvement. These patients did not receive immediate postoperative chemotherapy. Two out of 4 patients with isolated PLONI with positive margin of resection developed metastasis despite adjuvant therapy. Of 12 patients with combined choroid, scleral, or anterior segment and PLONI with positive margin involvement, only 3 of the 7 patients who received full chemotherapy remained event-free, while the rest developed orbital recurrence or metastasis (9 of 12). Of 17 patients with extrascleral involvement and varying degrees of intraocular involvement and optic nerve margin involvement, only 3 of the 9 who received full chemotherapy remained event-free, including two who received an intensive chemotherapy course. Conclusion: Isolated choroidal and combined choroid and anterior segment involvement had no recurrences or metastasis either with or without adjuvant therapy. Patients with combined choroid and scleral involvement and those with PLONI, negative margin with choroidal involvement had better outcomes with adjuvant therapy than without. Patients with the following features developed events despite adjuvant therapy: positive optic nerve margin combined with any ocular tissue involvement, and extrascleral involvement combined with any other feature. We recommend giving a timely and complete chemotherapy regimen to prevent recurrence or metastasis in combined choroid and scleral involvement, and PLONI negative margin with choroidal involvement. We suggest intensive chemotherapy for patients with positive margin involvement or extrascleral involvement. Further studies are recommended to establish the need for chemotherapy in isolated PLONI.
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spelling doaj-art-42ac5fd7db19456bbca4e699d34d1c4a2025-08-20T03:41:43ZengPhilippine Academy of OphthalmologyPhilippine Journal of Ophthalmology0031-76592013-06-013814349229Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary HospitalPatricia E. Cabrera, MD0Gary JV. Mercado, MD1Rolando Enrique D. Domingo, MD2Rafael Valenzuela, MD3Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Sentro Oftalmologico Jose Rizal University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Sentro Oftalmologico Jose Rizal University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Sentro Oftalmologico Jose Rizal University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines; Institute of Ophthalmology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines ManilaInstitute of Ophthalmology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines ManilaObjectives: To describe the outcome of patients with bilateral or unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk histopathological features managed at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective review of retinoblastoma cases with high-risk histopathological characteristics seen at a tertiary hospital from January 1999 to July 2012. Out of 239 patients, those with at least one of the following features were included in the study: positive cut optic nerve margin, postlaminar optic nerve involvement (PLONI), intra- or extrascleral involvement, choroidal invasion, and anterior segment involvement. We determined the number of patients who developed orbital recurrence and metastasis, otherwise known as events, within 1 year after enucleation or exenteration and compared the outcomes between those who received and did not receive adjuvant therapy. Results: Of the 82 eyes of 79 patients with high-risk histopathologic features, 25.6% had orbital recurrence and 18.3% developed central nervous system, lymph node, or distant metastasis. None with isolated choroidal involvement (n=24) or combined choroidal and anterior segment involvement (n=4) developed recurrence or metastasis. Patients with isolated anterior segment (n=1) and PLONI with negative margin involvement (n=1) remained event-free with chemotherapy. The following developed orbital recurrences: 2 of 9 patients with combined choroid and scleral involvement, and 1 of 8 patients with PLONI negative margin and choroidal involvement. These patients did not receive immediate postoperative chemotherapy. Two out of 4 patients with isolated PLONI with positive margin of resection developed metastasis despite adjuvant therapy. Of 12 patients with combined choroid, scleral, or anterior segment and PLONI with positive margin involvement, only 3 of the 7 patients who received full chemotherapy remained event-free, while the rest developed orbital recurrence or metastasis (9 of 12). Of 17 patients with extrascleral involvement and varying degrees of intraocular involvement and optic nerve margin involvement, only 3 of the 9 who received full chemotherapy remained event-free, including two who received an intensive chemotherapy course. Conclusion: Isolated choroidal and combined choroid and anterior segment involvement had no recurrences or metastasis either with or without adjuvant therapy. Patients with combined choroid and scleral involvement and those with PLONI, negative margin with choroidal involvement had better outcomes with adjuvant therapy than without. Patients with the following features developed events despite adjuvant therapy: positive optic nerve margin combined with any ocular tissue involvement, and extrascleral involvement combined with any other feature. We recommend giving a timely and complete chemotherapy regimen to prevent recurrence or metastasis in combined choroid and scleral involvement, and PLONI negative margin with choroidal involvement. We suggest intensive chemotherapy for patients with positive margin involvement or extrascleral involvement. Further studies are recommended to establish the need for chemotherapy in isolated PLONI.https://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/229retinoblastomaoutcomeshigh-riskhistopathologyextraocular
spellingShingle Patricia E. Cabrera, MD
Gary JV. Mercado, MD
Rolando Enrique D. Domingo, MD
Rafael Valenzuela, MD
Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary Hospital
Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology
retinoblastoma
outcomes
high-risk
histopathology
extraocular
title Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary Hospital
title_full Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary Hospital
title_fullStr Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary Hospital
title_full_unstemmed Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary Hospital
title_short Outcome of Retinoblastoma Patients with High-risk Histopathological Features in a Tertiary Hospital
title_sort outcome of retinoblastoma patients with high risk histopathological features in a tertiary hospital
topic retinoblastoma
outcomes
high-risk
histopathology
extraocular
url https://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/229
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