Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofu

IntroductionThis research examined the isoflavone levels and texture characteristics of tofu produced from Himalayan black soybean, utilizing two distinct soymilk processing techniques and both synthetic and natural coagulants.MethodSoymilk was prepared following two different methos and then it was...

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Main Authors: Sofiya Anjum, Vasudha Agnihotri, Smita Rana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1639151/full
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author Sofiya Anjum
Vasudha Agnihotri
Vasudha Agnihotri
Smita Rana
author_facet Sofiya Anjum
Vasudha Agnihotri
Vasudha Agnihotri
Smita Rana
author_sort Sofiya Anjum
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThis research examined the isoflavone levels and texture characteristics of tofu produced from Himalayan black soybean, utilizing two distinct soymilk processing techniques and both synthetic and natural coagulants.MethodSoymilk was prepared following two different methos and then it was coagulated using 10 different coagulants (natural and synthetic).ResultsThe tofu made with Rhododendron arboreum floral juice exhibited the highest isoflavone levels, irrespective of the method used to prepare the soymilk. The texture quality was consistently good for tofu made with acetic acid, regardless of the soymilk preparation technique employed.DiscussionThe findings indicate that the isoflavone composition of the final product is affected by both the coagulant and the preparation techniques, with β-glucosides being more common than aglycones. The observation that the okara fraction contains a higher concentration of aglycones supports the notion that these compounds are less soluble in water and may be lost during the tofu production process. The interaction between coagulants and soymilk proteins affects tofu's texture. Upon heating, proteins unfold, exposing negatively charged disulfides that counteract the coagulants, resulting in protein aggregation. These results were further validated through factor and cluster analysis. Research has explored the effects of different coagulants and processing methods on tofu texture, including the use of natural coagulants to improve texture and flavor.
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spelling doaj-art-42a92aa3cc8843a4816ddfe0d4111b842025-08-20T03:07:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2025-08-01910.3389/fsufs.2025.16391511639151Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofuSofiya Anjum0Vasudha Agnihotri1Vasudha Agnihotri2Smita Rana3Center for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, Uttarakhand, IndiaCenter for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, Uttarakhand, IndiaHimachal Pradesh Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaCenter for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, Uttarakhand, IndiaIntroductionThis research examined the isoflavone levels and texture characteristics of tofu produced from Himalayan black soybean, utilizing two distinct soymilk processing techniques and both synthetic and natural coagulants.MethodSoymilk was prepared following two different methos and then it was coagulated using 10 different coagulants (natural and synthetic).ResultsThe tofu made with Rhododendron arboreum floral juice exhibited the highest isoflavone levels, irrespective of the method used to prepare the soymilk. The texture quality was consistently good for tofu made with acetic acid, regardless of the soymilk preparation technique employed.DiscussionThe findings indicate that the isoflavone composition of the final product is affected by both the coagulant and the preparation techniques, with β-glucosides being more common than aglycones. The observation that the okara fraction contains a higher concentration of aglycones supports the notion that these compounds are less soluble in water and may be lost during the tofu production process. The interaction between coagulants and soymilk proteins affects tofu's texture. Upon heating, proteins unfold, exposing negatively charged disulfides that counteract the coagulants, resulting in protein aggregation. These results were further validated through factor and cluster analysis. Research has explored the effects of different coagulants and processing methods on tofu texture, including the use of natural coagulants to improve texture and flavor.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1639151/fullHimalayan black soybeantofuisoflavonestextural profile analysisnatural and synthetic coagulants
spellingShingle Sofiya Anjum
Vasudha Agnihotri
Vasudha Agnihotri
Smita Rana
Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofu
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Himalayan black soybean
tofu
isoflavones
textural profile analysis
natural and synthetic coagulants
title Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofu
title_full Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofu
title_fullStr Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofu
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofu
title_short Comparison of coagulant-induced changes in isoflavone content, and texture profile of Himalayan black soybean-based tofu
title_sort comparison of coagulant induced changes in isoflavone content and texture profile of himalayan black soybean based tofu
topic Himalayan black soybean
tofu
isoflavones
textural profile analysis
natural and synthetic coagulants
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1639151/full
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