Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro study

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of light-cured fluoride varnishes on artificial erosive lesions. Methods Thirty extracted third molars were subjected to a 5-day erosive cycle, involving exposure to citric acid (pH 3.6, 4 × 1 min) and artificial saliva (pH 7, 4 × 2 h)...

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Main Authors: Ebru Imren, Yeliz Güven
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05968-6
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author Ebru Imren
Yeliz Güven
author_facet Ebru Imren
Yeliz Güven
author_sort Ebru Imren
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of light-cured fluoride varnishes on artificial erosive lesions. Methods Thirty extracted third molars were subjected to a 5-day erosive cycle, involving exposure to citric acid (pH 3.6, 4 × 1 min) and artificial saliva (pH 7, 4 × 2 h). The samples were then divided into five groups: light-cured glass ionomer varnish (CXT; Clinpro XT, 3 M™ ESPE, USA), light-cured giomer varnish (PRG; PRG Barrier Coat, SHOFU™, USA), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (MIV; MI Varnish, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), 5% sodium fluoride (VPF; Voco Profluorid Varnish, VOCO GmbH, Germany), and distilled water (DW, negative control) groups. After initial erosion, the samples were treated with varnishes and subjected to a second 7-day erosive cycle. The Vickers microhardness and surface roughness were measured at each stage. The therapeutic (rehardening) effects were expressed as the surface microhardness recovery percentage (SMHR%) and roughness progression (RP1%), whereas the protective effects were indicated by relative erosion resistance percentage (RER%) and roughness progression (RP2%). Results The VPF group showed significantly higher SMHR% compared to the control group (p  < 0.05). After the second demineralization, the CXT and PRG groups demonstrated significantly higher RER% than the negative control group (p  < 0.05). Surface roughness measurements revealed no significant differences among the groups (p  > 0.05). Qualitative analysis of profilometric images showed that surface irregularities present after the initial demineralization (t1) were reduced following varnish application at t2. However, after the second erosive cycle at t3, new irregularities were observed, particularly in the DW and VPF groups. Conclusion This study revealed that conventional fluoride varnish exhibited greater therapeutic effects, as evidenced by improved surface microhardness recovery, whereas light-cured varnishes were more effective at providing protection against erosion. These findings highlight the potential of light-cured fluoride varnishes in providing extended surface protection.
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spelling doaj-art-429d662aa36e4bf59df67c35d2cd09812025-08-20T03:10:18ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-04-0125111110.1186/s12903-025-05968-6Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro studyEbru Imren0Yeliz Güven1Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul UniversityDepartment of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul UniversityAbstract Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of light-cured fluoride varnishes on artificial erosive lesions. Methods Thirty extracted third molars were subjected to a 5-day erosive cycle, involving exposure to citric acid (pH 3.6, 4 × 1 min) and artificial saliva (pH 7, 4 × 2 h). The samples were then divided into five groups: light-cured glass ionomer varnish (CXT; Clinpro XT, 3 M™ ESPE, USA), light-cured giomer varnish (PRG; PRG Barrier Coat, SHOFU™, USA), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (MIV; MI Varnish, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), 5% sodium fluoride (VPF; Voco Profluorid Varnish, VOCO GmbH, Germany), and distilled water (DW, negative control) groups. After initial erosion, the samples were treated with varnishes and subjected to a second 7-day erosive cycle. The Vickers microhardness and surface roughness were measured at each stage. The therapeutic (rehardening) effects were expressed as the surface microhardness recovery percentage (SMHR%) and roughness progression (RP1%), whereas the protective effects were indicated by relative erosion resistance percentage (RER%) and roughness progression (RP2%). Results The VPF group showed significantly higher SMHR% compared to the control group (p  < 0.05). After the second demineralization, the CXT and PRG groups demonstrated significantly higher RER% than the negative control group (p  < 0.05). Surface roughness measurements revealed no significant differences among the groups (p  > 0.05). Qualitative analysis of profilometric images showed that surface irregularities present after the initial demineralization (t1) were reduced following varnish application at t2. However, after the second erosive cycle at t3, new irregularities were observed, particularly in the DW and VPF groups. Conclusion This study revealed that conventional fluoride varnish exhibited greater therapeutic effects, as evidenced by improved surface microhardness recovery, whereas light-cured varnishes were more effective at providing protection against erosion. These findings highlight the potential of light-cured fluoride varnishes in providing extended surface protection.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05968-6Dental erosionLight-cured varnishGiomerFluoride varnish
spellingShingle Ebru Imren
Yeliz Güven
Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro study
BMC Oral Health
Dental erosion
Light-cured varnish
Giomer
Fluoride varnish
title Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro study
title_full Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro study
title_fullStr Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro study
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro study
title_short Therapeutic and protective effects of light-cured varnishes on erosive lesions: an in vitro study
title_sort therapeutic and protective effects of light cured varnishes on erosive lesions an in vitro study
topic Dental erosion
Light-cured varnish
Giomer
Fluoride varnish
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05968-6
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AT yelizguven therapeuticandprotectiveeffectsoflightcuredvarnishesonerosivelesionsaninvitrostudy