Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt Stress
Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is grown worldwide to obtain edible oil, livestock feed, and biodiesel. However, drought and salt stress are becoming serious challenges to global soybean cultivation as they retard the growth of soybean plants and cause significant yield losses. Voltage-d...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Muhammad Muneeb Ullah Muqadas Aleem Muhammad Mudassar Iqbal Awais Riaz Ainong Shi |
| author_facet | Muhammad Muneeb Ullah Muqadas Aleem Muhammad Mudassar Iqbal Awais Riaz Ainong Shi |
| author_sort | Muhammad Muneeb Ullah |
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| description | Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is grown worldwide to obtain edible oil, livestock feed, and biodiesel. However, drought and salt stress are becoming serious challenges to global soybean cultivation as they retard the growth of soybean plants and cause significant yield losses. Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) proteins are well-known for their role in drought and salt tolerance in crop plants. In this study, we identified 111 putative VDAC genes randomly distributed in genomes of 14 plant species, including cultivated soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) and wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i>). The comparative phylogenetic studies classified these genes into six different clades and found the highest structural similarities among VDAC genes of <i>G. max</i> and <i>G. soja</i>. From the conserved domain database, porin-3 (PF01459) was found to be the conserved domain in all VDAC proteins. Furthermore, gene annotation studies revealed the role of <i>GmaVDAC</i> proteins in voltage-gated anion channel activity. These proteins were also found to interact with other proteins, especially mitochondrial receptors. A total of 103 miRNAs were predicted to target fifteen <i>GmaVDAC</i> genes. In <i>G. max</i>, these genes were found to be segmentally duplicated and randomly distributed on twelve chromosomes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the <i>GmaVDAC18.2</i> gene showed overexpression in root nodules, whereas the <i>GmaVDAC9.</i>1, <i>GmaVDAC18.1</i>, and <i>GmaVDAC18.2</i> genes showed overexpression under drought and salt stress conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4283fade892e490085e3887d05817253 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-4283fade892e490085e3887d058172532025-08-20T03:32:33ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011414210110.3390/plants14142101Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt StressMuhammad Muneeb Ullah0Muqadas Aleem1Muhammad Mudassar Iqbal2Awais Riaz3Ainong Shi4Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Plant breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Plant breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USASoybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is grown worldwide to obtain edible oil, livestock feed, and biodiesel. However, drought and salt stress are becoming serious challenges to global soybean cultivation as they retard the growth of soybean plants and cause significant yield losses. Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) proteins are well-known for their role in drought and salt tolerance in crop plants. In this study, we identified 111 putative VDAC genes randomly distributed in genomes of 14 plant species, including cultivated soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) and wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i>). The comparative phylogenetic studies classified these genes into six different clades and found the highest structural similarities among VDAC genes of <i>G. max</i> and <i>G. soja</i>. From the conserved domain database, porin-3 (PF01459) was found to be the conserved domain in all VDAC proteins. Furthermore, gene annotation studies revealed the role of <i>GmaVDAC</i> proteins in voltage-gated anion channel activity. These proteins were also found to interact with other proteins, especially mitochondrial receptors. A total of 103 miRNAs were predicted to target fifteen <i>GmaVDAC</i> genes. In <i>G. max</i>, these genes were found to be segmentally duplicated and randomly distributed on twelve chromosomes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the <i>GmaVDAC18.2</i> gene showed overexpression in root nodules, whereas the <i>GmaVDAC9.</i>1, <i>GmaVDAC18.1</i>, and <i>GmaVDAC18.2</i> genes showed overexpression under drought and salt stress conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/14/2101soybeangenome-wideVDACdroughtsalt stress |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Muneeb Ullah Muqadas Aleem Muhammad Mudassar Iqbal Awais Riaz Ainong Shi Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt Stress Plants soybean genome-wide VDAC drought salt stress |
| title | Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt Stress |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt Stress |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt Stress |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Characterization of VDAC Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and In Silico Expression Profiling in Response to Drought and Salt Stress |
| title_sort | genome wide characterization of vdac gene family in soybean i glycine max i l and in silico expression profiling in response to drought and salt stress |
| topic | soybean genome-wide VDAC drought salt stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/14/2101 |
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