Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia

BackgroundPrimary insomnia is a common and complex disorder characterized by a range of symptoms and consequences of varying severity. Long-term sleep disturbances can lead to anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional changes a...

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Main Authors: Ling Xu, Wantao Ding, Hui Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1520448/full
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author Ling Xu
Wantao Ding
Hui Guo
author_facet Ling Xu
Wantao Ding
Hui Guo
author_sort Ling Xu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundPrimary insomnia is a common and complex disorder characterized by a range of symptoms and consequences of varying severity. Long-term sleep disturbances can lead to anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional changes and cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia and to explore the factors influencing the disorder.MethodsThe study participants included 40 patients with primary insomnia diagnosed by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 and 48 healthy controls from the Seventh People’s Hospital of Wenzhou. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale were used to assess clinical symptoms. T-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation and network analysis were used to examine the mutual relationship between emotional symptoms and cognitive function in participants with primary insomnia.ResultsBoth immediate and delayed memory of the primary insomnia group was significantly worse than that of the healthy controls group, whereas there was no significant difference in long-term delayed recognition between the two groups. The naming and language scores of the primary insomnia group were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls group. The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was positively correlated with anxiety and depression symptoms.ConclusionThis study emphasized the correlation between emotional symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia. Simultaneously, their levels of anxiety and depression were both positively correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction.
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spelling doaj-art-426bf8d2a0c745aa83003b551015ec4d2025-08-20T03:13:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-07-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15204481520448Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomniaLing Xu0Wantao Ding1Hui Guo2Department of Clinical Psychology, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, ChinaBackgroundPrimary insomnia is a common and complex disorder characterized by a range of symptoms and consequences of varying severity. Long-term sleep disturbances can lead to anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional changes and cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia and to explore the factors influencing the disorder.MethodsThe study participants included 40 patients with primary insomnia diagnosed by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 and 48 healthy controls from the Seventh People’s Hospital of Wenzhou. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale were used to assess clinical symptoms. T-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation and network analysis were used to examine the mutual relationship between emotional symptoms and cognitive function in participants with primary insomnia.ResultsBoth immediate and delayed memory of the primary insomnia group was significantly worse than that of the healthy controls group, whereas there was no significant difference in long-term delayed recognition between the two groups. The naming and language scores of the primary insomnia group were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls group. The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was positively correlated with anxiety and depression symptoms.ConclusionThis study emphasized the correlation between emotional symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia. Simultaneously, their levels of anxiety and depression were both positively correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1520448/fullprimary insomniaemotional symptomscognitive dysfunctionanxietydepression
spellingShingle Ling Xu
Wantao Ding
Hui Guo
Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
Frontiers in Psychology
primary insomnia
emotional symptoms
cognitive dysfunction
anxiety
depression
title Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
title_full Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
title_fullStr Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
title_full_unstemmed Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
title_short Network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
title_sort network analysis of emotional symptoms and cognitive function changes in primary insomnia
topic primary insomnia
emotional symptoms
cognitive dysfunction
anxiety
depression
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1520448/full
work_keys_str_mv AT lingxu networkanalysisofemotionalsymptomsandcognitivefunctionchangesinprimaryinsomnia
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