Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation

Abstract Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4, encoded by Grm4), is a neurotransmitter receptor, known to play roles in tumor progression and immune modulation through the nervous system. Here we show that mGluR4 may regulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also via non-neu...

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Main Authors: Xiaoman Ju, Eva Maria Putz, Yaqi Liu, Dongchen Yuan, Guowei Sun, Stephane Koda, Zhuo Fu, Simin Shao, Chunrong Tong, Biping Deng, Jing Hu, Juming Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60922-y
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author Xiaoman Ju
Eva Maria Putz
Yaqi Liu
Dongchen Yuan
Guowei Sun
Stephane Koda
Zhuo Fu
Simin Shao
Chunrong Tong
Biping Deng
Jing Hu
Juming Yan
author_facet Xiaoman Ju
Eva Maria Putz
Yaqi Liu
Dongchen Yuan
Guowei Sun
Stephane Koda
Zhuo Fu
Simin Shao
Chunrong Tong
Biping Deng
Jing Hu
Juming Yan
author_sort Xiaoman Ju
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4, encoded by Grm4), is a neurotransmitter receptor, known to play roles in tumor progression and immune modulation through the nervous system. Here we show that mGluR4 may regulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also via non-neuronal mechanisms. We observe that dendritic cells (DC) from mGluR4-deficient mice display enhanced migration, maturation and antigen-presentation capacity, which promote T cell and NK cell responses against tumor cells. Tumor growth and metastases are suppressed in Grm4 -/- mice in different preclinical tumor models, including orthotopic liver cancer, subcutaneous melanoma, colorectal tumors, and fibrosarcoma. We show that the tumor suppressive effect of Grm4-deficiency requires host immunity, in particular CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and IFNγ, but independent of the nervous system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and ex vivo assays show changes in the composition and functional state of the immune TME. Mechanistically, mGluR4 suppresses the adenyl cyclase/PKA signaling pathway, leading to metabolic reprogramming of DCs. Importantly, adoptive transfer of DCs pretreated with the AC agonist forskolin therapeutically suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic liver cancer model. Our study thus demonstrates that mGluR4 is a checkpoint for DC maturation and that mGluR4 may serve as an immunotherapeutic target.
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spelling doaj-art-424b1c2f45b54203a8d8bf63253536462025-08-20T03:43:00ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116112110.1038/s41467-025-60922-yMetabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturationXiaoman Ju0Eva Maria Putz1Yaqi Liu2Dongchen Yuan3Guowei Sun4Stephane Koda5Zhuo Fu6Simin Shao7Chunrong Tong8Biping Deng9Jing Hu10Juming Yan11Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityCenter for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, Beijing GoBroad Boren HospitalCytology Laboratory, Beijing GoBroad Boren HospitalDepartment of Bioinformatics; Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4, encoded by Grm4), is a neurotransmitter receptor, known to play roles in tumor progression and immune modulation through the nervous system. Here we show that mGluR4 may regulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also via non-neuronal mechanisms. We observe that dendritic cells (DC) from mGluR4-deficient mice display enhanced migration, maturation and antigen-presentation capacity, which promote T cell and NK cell responses against tumor cells. Tumor growth and metastases are suppressed in Grm4 -/- mice in different preclinical tumor models, including orthotopic liver cancer, subcutaneous melanoma, colorectal tumors, and fibrosarcoma. We show that the tumor suppressive effect of Grm4-deficiency requires host immunity, in particular CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and IFNγ, but independent of the nervous system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and ex vivo assays show changes in the composition and functional state of the immune TME. Mechanistically, mGluR4 suppresses the adenyl cyclase/PKA signaling pathway, leading to metabolic reprogramming of DCs. Importantly, adoptive transfer of DCs pretreated with the AC agonist forskolin therapeutically suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic liver cancer model. Our study thus demonstrates that mGluR4 is a checkpoint for DC maturation and that mGluR4 may serve as an immunotherapeutic target.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60922-y
spellingShingle Xiaoman Ju
Eva Maria Putz
Yaqi Liu
Dongchen Yuan
Guowei Sun
Stephane Koda
Zhuo Fu
Simin Shao
Chunrong Tong
Biping Deng
Jing Hu
Juming Yan
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
Nature Communications
title Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
title_full Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
title_fullStr Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
title_full_unstemmed Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
title_short Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
title_sort metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 mediated glutamatergic signaling reshapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell maturation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60922-y
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