High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane

Flexible strain sensors have attracted significant attention due to their critical applications in wearable devices, biological detection, and artificial intelligence. However, achieving both a wide strain range and high sensitivity remains a major challenge in current research. This study aims to d...

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Main Authors: Qiong Wei, Zihang Sun, Xudong Li, Zichao Chen, Yi Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1461
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author Qiong Wei
Zihang Sun
Xudong Li
Zichao Chen
Yi Li
author_facet Qiong Wei
Zihang Sun
Xudong Li
Zichao Chen
Yi Li
author_sort Qiong Wei
collection DOAJ
description Flexible strain sensors have attracted significant attention due to their critical applications in wearable devices, biological detection, and artificial intelligence. However, achieving both a wide strain range and high sensitivity remains a major challenge in current research. This study aims to develop a novel composite material with a synergistic conductive network to construct high-performance flexible strain sensors. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber membranes were first prepared using electrospinning technology, and their surface was modified with polydopamine (PDA) via in-situ polymerization, which significantly enhanced the fibers’ adsorption capacity for conductive materials. Subsequently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) were coated onto the PDA-modified TPU fibers through ultrasonic anchoring, forming a CB/CNT/PDA/TPU composite with a synergistic conductive network. The results demonstrated that the flexible strain sensor fabricated from this composite material (with a CB-to-CNT mass ratio of 7:3) achieved ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor, GF, up to 1063) over a wide strain range (up to 300%), along with a low detection limit (1% strain), fast response and recovery times (137 ms), and exceptional stability and durability. Further evaluations confirmed that this sensor reliably captured biological signals from various joint movements, highlighting its broad application potential in human motion monitoring, human–machine interaction, and soft robotics.
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spelling doaj-art-4237bfde6f7246ea90ceeb2d77c0e0d42025-08-20T02:12:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-01153146110.3390/app15031461High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber MembraneQiong Wei0Zihang Sun1Xudong Li2Zichao Chen3Yi Li4School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaFlexible strain sensors have attracted significant attention due to their critical applications in wearable devices, biological detection, and artificial intelligence. However, achieving both a wide strain range and high sensitivity remains a major challenge in current research. This study aims to develop a novel composite material with a synergistic conductive network to construct high-performance flexible strain sensors. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber membranes were first prepared using electrospinning technology, and their surface was modified with polydopamine (PDA) via in-situ polymerization, which significantly enhanced the fibers’ adsorption capacity for conductive materials. Subsequently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) were coated onto the PDA-modified TPU fibers through ultrasonic anchoring, forming a CB/CNT/PDA/TPU composite with a synergistic conductive network. The results demonstrated that the flexible strain sensor fabricated from this composite material (with a CB-to-CNT mass ratio of 7:3) achieved ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor, GF, up to 1063) over a wide strain range (up to 300%), along with a low detection limit (1% strain), fast response and recovery times (137 ms), and exceptional stability and durability. Further evaluations confirmed that this sensor reliably captured biological signals from various joint movements, highlighting its broad application potential in human motion monitoring, human–machine interaction, and soft robotics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1461electrospun fiber membranessynergistic conductive networkflexible strain sensingcarbon nanotubescarbon black
spellingShingle Qiong Wei
Zihang Sun
Xudong Li
Zichao Chen
Yi Li
High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane
Applied Sciences
electrospun fiber membranes
synergistic conductive network
flexible strain sensing
carbon nanotubes
carbon black
title High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane
title_full High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane
title_fullStr High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane
title_full_unstemmed High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane
title_short High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane
title_sort high sensitivity and wide strain range flexible strain sensor based on cb cnt pda tpu conductive fiber membrane
topic electrospun fiber membranes
synergistic conductive network
flexible strain sensing
carbon nanotubes
carbon black
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1461
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