Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials

This review examines recent advancements in flame retardant technologies for epoxy and bio-epoxy resins, focusing on the chemical grafting of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) onto carbon fibers (CFs) and the use of reactive flame retardant agents in composite materials. It covers various graftin...

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Main Authors: Omar Dagdag, Hansang Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/5996
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author Omar Dagdag
Hansang Kim
author_facet Omar Dagdag
Hansang Kim
author_sort Omar Dagdag
collection DOAJ
description This review examines recent advancements in flame retardant technologies for epoxy and bio-epoxy resins, focusing on the chemical grafting of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) onto carbon fibers (CFs) and the use of reactive flame retardant agents in composite materials. It covers various grafting techniques and analyzes mechanisms behind property enhancements, exploring how these approaches improve thermal stability and flame resistance while addressing sustainability challenges. This review discusses the synergistic effects of bio-based materials and innovative grafting methods. It presents applications of flame-retardant epoxy–carbon fiber composites, demonstrating the potential of HCCP-CF composites as high-performance, environmentally friendly structural materials. Additionally, this review evaluates the impact on mechanical properties and interfacial bonding, crucial aspects often affected by flame retardant treatments. This comprehensive overview provides valuable insights, identifying current challenges, future directions, and potential breakthroughs in the field of advanced composite materials.
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spelling doaj-art-42312d2bb42949f8826fc77e786c7de22025-08-20T02:57:03ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-012924599610.3390/molecules29245996Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite MaterialsOmar Dagdag0Hansang Kim1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of KoreaThis review examines recent advancements in flame retardant technologies for epoxy and bio-epoxy resins, focusing on the chemical grafting of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) onto carbon fibers (CFs) and the use of reactive flame retardant agents in composite materials. It covers various grafting techniques and analyzes mechanisms behind property enhancements, exploring how these approaches improve thermal stability and flame resistance while addressing sustainability challenges. This review discusses the synergistic effects of bio-based materials and innovative grafting methods. It presents applications of flame-retardant epoxy–carbon fiber composites, demonstrating the potential of HCCP-CF composites as high-performance, environmentally friendly structural materials. Additionally, this review evaluates the impact on mechanical properties and interfacial bonding, crucial aspects often affected by flame retardant treatments. This comprehensive overview provides valuable insights, identifying current challenges, future directions, and potential breakthroughs in the field of advanced composite materials.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/5996epoxy resinhexachlorocyclotriphosphazenegraftingcarbon fiberinterfacial bondingproperties
spellingShingle Omar Dagdag
Hansang Kim
Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials
Molecules
epoxy resin
hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene
grafting
carbon fiber
interfacial bonding
properties
title Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials
title_full Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials
title_fullStr Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials
title_full_unstemmed Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials
title_short Advances in Flame Retardant Technologies for Epoxy Resins: Chemical Grafting onto Carbon Fiber Techniques, Reactive Agents, and Applications in Composite Materials
title_sort advances in flame retardant technologies for epoxy resins chemical grafting onto carbon fiber techniques reactive agents and applications in composite materials
topic epoxy resin
hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene
grafting
carbon fiber
interfacial bonding
properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/5996
work_keys_str_mv AT omardagdag advancesinflameretardanttechnologiesforepoxyresinschemicalgraftingontocarbonfibertechniquesreactiveagentsandapplicationsincompositematerials
AT hansangkim advancesinflameretardanttechnologiesforepoxyresinschemicalgraftingontocarbonfibertechniquesreactiveagentsandapplicationsincompositematerials