Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant Development
In modern agriculture, fertilizers are commonly used to increase crop yields; however, their negligent use can lead to environmental pollution and the waste of essential nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (Pi). Encapsulated fertilizers are a feasible alternative that could prevent these issues, a...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/4/610 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850231645531013120 |
|---|---|
| author | Eva García-Ilizaliturri Enrique Ibarra-Laclette Nicolaza Pariona-Mendoza Carlos Espinoza-González Antonio Cárdenas-Flores José Humberto Valenzuela-Soto Alan Josué Pérez-Lira Claudia-Anahí Pérez-Torres |
| author_facet | Eva García-Ilizaliturri Enrique Ibarra-Laclette Nicolaza Pariona-Mendoza Carlos Espinoza-González Antonio Cárdenas-Flores José Humberto Valenzuela-Soto Alan Josué Pérez-Lira Claudia-Anahí Pérez-Torres |
| author_sort | Eva García-Ilizaliturri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In modern agriculture, fertilizers are commonly used to increase crop yields; however, their negligent use can lead to environmental pollution and the waste of essential nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (Pi). Encapsulated fertilizers are a feasible alternative that could prevent these issues, as they can protect Pi from leaching and extend the interval between applications. In this study, we developed and tested innovative fertilizers (IFs) manufactured with KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, encapsulated with chitosan modified via high-frequency ultrasound treatment. The characterization of these fertilizers consisted of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning transmission electron microscopy to determine their sizes and forms. In addition, we evaluated the phosphate release profile using electrical conductivity. The IFs were spheroidal microcapsules with an average diameter of 0.5–2 μM and showed slow-release behavior. Their efficacy was assessed via in vivo and in vitro assays, using <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> as a study model. As expected, the IFs promoted the growth of seedlings. One of the IFs showed enhanced growth promotion, contrasting with the control. This phenotype was likely promoted by this fertilizer due to the synergistic effect of Pi and the modified chitosan used as an encapsulant matrix. Our results highlight the potential of these formulations, which have unique properties and could be used on a large scale. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-42233d12619a4ffeb98d3281d5261d12 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-42233d12619a4ffeb98d3281d5261d122025-08-20T02:03:27ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-02-0114461010.3390/plants14040610Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant DevelopmentEva García-Ilizaliturri0Enrique Ibarra-Laclette1Nicolaza Pariona-Mendoza2Carlos Espinoza-González3Antonio Cárdenas-Flores4José Humberto Valenzuela-Soto5Alan Josué Pérez-Lira6Claudia-Anahí Pérez-Torres7Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoRed de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoRed de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoDepartamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoDepartamento de Biociencias y Agrotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoDepartamento de Biociencias y Agrotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoRed de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoRed de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoIn modern agriculture, fertilizers are commonly used to increase crop yields; however, their negligent use can lead to environmental pollution and the waste of essential nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (Pi). Encapsulated fertilizers are a feasible alternative that could prevent these issues, as they can protect Pi from leaching and extend the interval between applications. In this study, we developed and tested innovative fertilizers (IFs) manufactured with KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, encapsulated with chitosan modified via high-frequency ultrasound treatment. The characterization of these fertilizers consisted of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning transmission electron microscopy to determine their sizes and forms. In addition, we evaluated the phosphate release profile using electrical conductivity. The IFs were spheroidal microcapsules with an average diameter of 0.5–2 μM and showed slow-release behavior. Their efficacy was assessed via in vivo and in vitro assays, using <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> as a study model. As expected, the IFs promoted the growth of seedlings. One of the IFs showed enhanced growth promotion, contrasting with the control. This phenotype was likely promoted by this fertilizer due to the synergistic effect of Pi and the modified chitosan used as an encapsulant matrix. Our results highlight the potential of these formulations, which have unique properties and could be used on a large scale.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/4/610encapsulated fertilizersphosphate starvationenhanced plant growthhigh-frequency ultrasound<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| spellingShingle | Eva García-Ilizaliturri Enrique Ibarra-Laclette Nicolaza Pariona-Mendoza Carlos Espinoza-González Antonio Cárdenas-Flores José Humberto Valenzuela-Soto Alan Josué Pérez-Lira Claudia-Anahí Pérez-Torres Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant Development Plants encapsulated fertilizers phosphate starvation enhanced plant growth high-frequency ultrasound <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title | Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant Development |
| title_full | Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant Development |
| title_fullStr | Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant Development |
| title_short | Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured with Chitosan Derivatives: An Effective Alternative for Enhanced Plant Development |
| title_sort | controlled release phosphorus fertilizers manufactured with chitosan derivatives an effective alternative for enhanced plant development |
| topic | encapsulated fertilizers phosphate starvation enhanced plant growth high-frequency ultrasound <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/4/610 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT evagarciailizaliturri controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment AT enriqueibarralaclette controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment AT nicolazaparionamendoza controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment AT carlosespinozagonzalez controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment AT antoniocardenasflores controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment AT josehumbertovalenzuelasoto controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment AT alanjosueperezlira controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment AT claudiaanahipereztorres controlledreleasephosphorusfertilizersmanufacturedwithchitosanderivativesaneffectivealternativeforenhancedplantdevelopment |