White-Seeded Culinary Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Se Biofortification: Oil Quality, Fatty Acid Profile, and Seed Yield
The culinary poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) has been used for centuries in everyday diets, especially for food, but also as a non-food source of health-promoting ingredients. In the present study, a field trial was set with white-seeded poppy varieties collected from farmers in Cro...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/95 |
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| Summary: | The culinary poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) has been used for centuries in everyday diets, especially for food, but also as a non-food source of health-promoting ingredients. In the present study, a field trial was set with white-seeded poppy varieties collected from farmers in Croatia. The poppies were sown as a winter crop. Selenium biofortification was applied using different selenium sources, such as selenite, SeO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and selenate SeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>. In the flowering stage, biofortification was carried out as follows: (1) Se-0: control; (2) SeO<sub>3</sub>_30: 30 g ha<sup>−1</sup>; (3) SeO<sub>3</sub>_60: 60 g ha<sup>−1</sup>; (4) SeO<sub>4</sub>_30: 30 g ha<sup>−1</sup>; and (5) SeO<sub>4</sub>_60: 60 g ha<sup>−1</sup>. Plants formed an average of four capsules per plant, with an average seed mass per capsule of 3.52 g. The seed yield varied from 0.91 (SeO<sub>3</sub>_30) to 1.26 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (SeO<sub>4</sub>_30). The cold-pressed oil was characterized as good-quality since the average water content was 0.38%, insoluble impurities consisted of 0.013%, iodine number value was 135.81 g, I<sub>2</sub> was 100 g<sup>−1</sup>, and saponification number was 188.51 mg KOH g<sup>−1</sup>, and it was on average 0.93% free fatty acids. Selenium biofortification had a significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) impact on Se accumulation in the seeds. Thus, the selenite form increased Se content in the seeds by about 7% compared to the control, whereas for the (4) SeO4_30 treatment, the increase was about 50%, and for (5) SeO4_60, it was even higher, about 91% compared to the control treatment. The highest content of fatty acids in the cold-pressed oil was determined for linoleic (76.31%), oleic (13.49), and palmitic (7.86%) acids. |
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| ISSN: | 2223-7747 |