Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Studies suggest that gut dysbiosis occurs in autoimmune neurological diseases, but a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence is lacking. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the correlation between the gut microbiota and autoimmune neurological disorders to inform clinical diagnosis...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513599/full |
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| author | Xiaolin Deng Xiaolin Deng Xue Gong Xue Gong Dong Zhou Zhen Hong Zhen Hong |
| author_facet | Xiaolin Deng Xiaolin Deng Xue Gong Xue Gong Dong Zhou Zhen Hong Zhen Hong |
| author_sort | Xiaolin Deng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies suggest that gut dysbiosis occurs in autoimmune neurological diseases, but a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence is lacking. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the correlation between the gut microbiota and autoimmune neurological disorders to inform clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until 1 March 2024 for research on the correlation between gut microbiota and autoimmune neurological disorders. A total of 62 studies provided data and were included in the analysis (n = 3,126 patients, n = 2,843 healthy individuals). Among the included studies, 42 studies provided data on α-diversity. Regarding α-diversity, except for Chao1, which showed a consistent small decrease (SMD = −0.26, 95% CI = −0.45 to −0.07, p < 0.01), other indices demonstrated no significant changes. While most studies reported significant differences in β-diversity, consistent differences were only observed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. A decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, was observed in individuals with autoimmune encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. Conversely, an increase in pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens, including Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella, was observed in these patients. Subgroup analyses assessed the confounding effects of geography and immunotherapy use. These findings suggest that disturbances of the gut flora are associated with autoimmune neurological diseases, primarily manifesting as non-specific and shared microbial alterations, including a reduction in SCFA-producing bacteria and an increase in pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023410215. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-42176136052343dfada0f823b80af478 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-42176136052343dfada0f823b80af4782025-02-06T07:10:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-02-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15135991513599Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysisXiaolin Deng0Xiaolin Deng1Xue Gong2Xue Gong3Dong Zhou4Zhen Hong5Zhen Hong6Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaStudies suggest that gut dysbiosis occurs in autoimmune neurological diseases, but a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence is lacking. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the correlation between the gut microbiota and autoimmune neurological disorders to inform clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until 1 March 2024 for research on the correlation between gut microbiota and autoimmune neurological disorders. A total of 62 studies provided data and were included in the analysis (n = 3,126 patients, n = 2,843 healthy individuals). Among the included studies, 42 studies provided data on α-diversity. Regarding α-diversity, except for Chao1, which showed a consistent small decrease (SMD = −0.26, 95% CI = −0.45 to −0.07, p < 0.01), other indices demonstrated no significant changes. While most studies reported significant differences in β-diversity, consistent differences were only observed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. A decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, was observed in individuals with autoimmune encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. Conversely, an increase in pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens, including Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella, was observed in these patients. Subgroup analyses assessed the confounding effects of geography and immunotherapy use. These findings suggest that disturbances of the gut flora are associated with autoimmune neurological diseases, primarily manifesting as non-specific and shared microbial alterations, including a reduction in SCFA-producing bacteria and an increase in pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023410215.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513599/fullgut microbiotagut dysbiosisautoimmune neurological diseasessystematic reviewmeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Xiaolin Deng Xiaolin Deng Xue Gong Xue Gong Dong Zhou Zhen Hong Zhen Hong Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in Immunology gut microbiota gut dysbiosis autoimmune neurological diseases systematic review meta-analysis |
| title | Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | gut microbiota gut dysbiosis autoimmune neurological diseases systematic review meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513599/full |
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