Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Blood orange peel flour (BO-pf)—a by-product of the citrus supply chain—still contains bioactive molecules with known health benefits, such as antiradical scavenging activity or an antiproliferative activity regarding tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that orange polyphenols showed potentia...

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Main Authors: Rosa Calvello, Giusy Rita Caponio, Antonia Cianciulli, Chiara Porro, Melania Ruggiero, Giuseppe Celano, Maria De Angelis, Maria Antonietta Panaro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/3/356
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author Rosa Calvello
Giusy Rita Caponio
Antonia Cianciulli
Chiara Porro
Melania Ruggiero
Giuseppe Celano
Maria De Angelis
Maria Antonietta Panaro
author_facet Rosa Calvello
Giusy Rita Caponio
Antonia Cianciulli
Chiara Porro
Melania Ruggiero
Giuseppe Celano
Maria De Angelis
Maria Antonietta Panaro
author_sort Rosa Calvello
collection DOAJ
description Blood orange peel flour (BO-pf)—a by-product of the citrus supply chain—still contains bioactive molecules with known health benefits, such as antiradical scavenging activity or an antiproliferative activity regarding tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that orange polyphenols showed potential involvement in necroptosis. In addition to previous research, we tested BO-pf on two colorectal cancer cell lines. Using HT29 and Caco2 cells, our experiments confirmed the regulation of inflammasome expression. They provided valuable insights into how BO-pf influences the cancer cell features (i.e., viability, proliferation, and pro- and anti-inflammatory activity). Notably, BO-pf extract is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses showed that treatment with BO-pf extract demonstrated beneficial effects by influencing the expression of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) through the modulation of the TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Moreover, the results of this study demonstrate that BO-pf extracts can enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGFβ, suggesting that BO-pf extracts may represent a promising functional ingredient to counteract the intestinal inflammatory responses involved in IBD.
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spelling doaj-art-4207279d83dc4dbe93715661f19bf3202025-08-20T03:43:51ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-03-0114335610.3390/antiox14030356Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell LinesRosa Calvello0Giusy Rita Caponio1Antonia Cianciulli2Chiara Porro3Melania Ruggiero4Giuseppe Celano5Maria De Angelis6Maria Antonietta Panaro7Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 125, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 125, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 125, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via A. Gramsci 89/91, 71121 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 125, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of the Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of the Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/a, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 125, 70125 Bari, ItalyBlood orange peel flour (BO-pf)—a by-product of the citrus supply chain—still contains bioactive molecules with known health benefits, such as antiradical scavenging activity or an antiproliferative activity regarding tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that orange polyphenols showed potential involvement in necroptosis. In addition to previous research, we tested BO-pf on two colorectal cancer cell lines. Using HT29 and Caco2 cells, our experiments confirmed the regulation of inflammasome expression. They provided valuable insights into how BO-pf influences the cancer cell features (i.e., viability, proliferation, and pro- and anti-inflammatory activity). Notably, BO-pf extract is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses showed that treatment with BO-pf extract demonstrated beneficial effects by influencing the expression of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) through the modulation of the TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Moreover, the results of this study demonstrate that BO-pf extracts can enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGFβ, suggesting that BO-pf extracts may represent a promising functional ingredient to counteract the intestinal inflammatory responses involved in IBD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/3/356intestinal inflammationblood orange peel flourby-productsTLR4inflammasomecytokines
spellingShingle Rosa Calvello
Giusy Rita Caponio
Antonia Cianciulli
Chiara Porro
Melania Ruggiero
Giuseppe Celano
Maria De Angelis
Maria Antonietta Panaro
Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Antioxidants
intestinal inflammation
blood orange peel flour
by-products
TLR4
inflammasome
cytokines
title Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
title_full Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
title_fullStr Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
title_full_unstemmed Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
title_short Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Blood Orange By-Products in Treated HT-29 and Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
title_sort antioxidant activity and anti inflammatory effect of blood orange by products in treated ht 29 and caco 2 colorectal cancer cell lines
topic intestinal inflammation
blood orange peel flour
by-products
TLR4
inflammasome
cytokines
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/3/356
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