Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells

Hydrogen is an excellent carrier for energy storage and can be produced from various green and renewable sources. However, the cost of producing hydrogen and converting it to useful energy is much higher than fossil fuel and traditional energy generation and storage systems. Unitized regenerative fu...

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Main Authors: Mythy Tran, Ayodeji Demuren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Next Energy
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949821X25000341
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author Mythy Tran
Ayodeji Demuren
author_facet Mythy Tran
Ayodeji Demuren
author_sort Mythy Tran
collection DOAJ
description Hydrogen is an excellent carrier for energy storage and can be produced from various green and renewable sources. However, the cost of producing hydrogen and converting it to useful energy is much higher than fossil fuel and traditional energy generation and storage systems. Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFC) maximize utilization of high-cost cells and their components, thus, lowering system capital cost. Improving the URFC efficiency is an effective way to lower its operating cost. This study evaluates utilization of waste heat during operation and recovery strategy to improve system efficiency of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) URFC. A COMSOL Multiphysics 3-D model of 25 cm2 5-cell PEM URFC stack is used to simulate the URFC operation. The results show that the employed cooling strategy can recover 76% and 78% of waste heat when the URFC operates in fuel cell mode and in reverse water electrolyzer mode, respectively, and the PEM URFC round-trip efficiency can thereby be improved from 32% to 81%.
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spelling doaj-art-42044d0bac2b462ca1e1df412527e8de2025-08-20T03:05:22ZengElsevierNext Energy2949-821X2025-07-01810027110.1016/j.nxener.2025.100271Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cellsMythy Tran0Ayodeji Demuren1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kaufman Hall, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USACorresponding author.; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kaufman Hall, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USAHydrogen is an excellent carrier for energy storage and can be produced from various green and renewable sources. However, the cost of producing hydrogen and converting it to useful energy is much higher than fossil fuel and traditional energy generation and storage systems. Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFC) maximize utilization of high-cost cells and their components, thus, lowering system capital cost. Improving the URFC efficiency is an effective way to lower its operating cost. This study evaluates utilization of waste heat during operation and recovery strategy to improve system efficiency of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) URFC. A COMSOL Multiphysics 3-D model of 25 cm2 5-cell PEM URFC stack is used to simulate the URFC operation. The results show that the employed cooling strategy can recover 76% and 78% of waste heat when the URFC operates in fuel cell mode and in reverse water electrolyzer mode, respectively, and the PEM URFC round-trip efficiency can thereby be improved from 32% to 81%.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949821X25000341Waste heat recoveryPolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cellUnitized regenerative fuel cell efficiencyThree-dimensional model of PEM URFCHydrogen energy
spellingShingle Mythy Tran
Ayodeji Demuren
Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells
Next Energy
Waste heat recovery
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Unitized regenerative fuel cell efficiency
Three-dimensional model of PEM URFC
Hydrogen energy
title Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells
title_full Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells
title_fullStr Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells
title_full_unstemmed Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells
title_short Thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells
title_sort thermal management for optimal performance of polymer electrolyte membrane unitized regenerative fuel cells
topic Waste heat recovery
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Unitized regenerative fuel cell efficiency
Three-dimensional model of PEM URFC
Hydrogen energy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949821X25000341
work_keys_str_mv AT mythytran thermalmanagementforoptimalperformanceofpolymerelectrolytemembraneunitizedregenerativefuelcells
AT ayodejidemuren thermalmanagementforoptimalperformanceofpolymerelectrolytemembraneunitizedregenerativefuelcells