Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data Transmission
This work presents a high-speed hybrid communication system integrating Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC), Multimode Fiber (MMF), and Free-Space Optics (FSO) channels, leveraging Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams for enhanced data transmission. A Photodetector, Remodulate, and Forw...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| author | Mehtab Singh Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb Hassan Yousif Ahmed Medien Zeghid Abu Sufian A. Osman |
| author_facet | Mehtab Singh Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb Hassan Yousif Ahmed Medien Zeghid Abu Sufian A. Osman |
| author_sort | Mehtab Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents a high-speed hybrid communication system integrating Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC), Multimode Fiber (MMF), and Free-Space Optics (FSO) channels, leveraging Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams for enhanced data transmission. A Photodetector, Remodulate, and Forward Relay (PRFR) is employed to enable wavelength conversion from 532 nm for UOWC to 1550 nm for MMF and FSO links. Four distinct OAM beams, each supporting a 5 Gbps data rate, are utilized to evaluate the system’s performance under two scenarios. The first scenario investigates the effects of absorption and scattering in five water types on underwater transmission range, while maintaining fixed MMF length and FSO link. The second scenario examines varying FSO propagation distances under different fog conditions, with a consistent underwater link length. Results demonstrate that water and atmospheric attenuation significantly impact transmission range and received optical power. The proposed hybrid system ensures reliable data transmission with a maximum overall transmission distance of 1125 m (comprising a 25 m UOWC link in Pure Sea (PS) water, a 100 m MMF span, and a 1000 m FSO range in clear weather) in the first scenario. In the second scenario, under Light Fog (LF) conditions, the system achieves a longer reach of up to 2020 m (20 m UOWC link + 100 m MMF span + 1900 m FSO range), maintaining a BER ≤ 10<sup>−4</sup> and a Q-factor around 4. This hybrid design is well suited for applications such as oceanographic research, offshore monitoring, and the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), enabling efficient data transfer between underwater nodes and surface stations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41fa8d84deb84cca8e5645f0d8fdc116 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-41fa8d84deb84cca8e5645f0d8fdc1162025-08-20T03:14:39ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-05-0112549910.3390/photonics12050499Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data TransmissionMehtab Singh0Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb1Hassan Yousif Ahmed2Medien Zeghid3Abu Sufian A. Osman4Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, IndiaDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria 21311, EgyptElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Wadi Aldwaseer, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawassir 11991, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Wadi Aldwaseer, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawassir 11991, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Arts and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir 11991, Saudi ArabiaThis work presents a high-speed hybrid communication system integrating Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC), Multimode Fiber (MMF), and Free-Space Optics (FSO) channels, leveraging Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams for enhanced data transmission. A Photodetector, Remodulate, and Forward Relay (PRFR) is employed to enable wavelength conversion from 532 nm for UOWC to 1550 nm for MMF and FSO links. Four distinct OAM beams, each supporting a 5 Gbps data rate, are utilized to evaluate the system’s performance under two scenarios. The first scenario investigates the effects of absorption and scattering in five water types on underwater transmission range, while maintaining fixed MMF length and FSO link. The second scenario examines varying FSO propagation distances under different fog conditions, with a consistent underwater link length. Results demonstrate that water and atmospheric attenuation significantly impact transmission range and received optical power. The proposed hybrid system ensures reliable data transmission with a maximum overall transmission distance of 1125 m (comprising a 25 m UOWC link in Pure Sea (PS) water, a 100 m MMF span, and a 1000 m FSO range in clear weather) in the first scenario. In the second scenario, under Light Fog (LF) conditions, the system achieves a longer reach of up to 2020 m (20 m UOWC link + 100 m MMF span + 1900 m FSO range), maintaining a BER ≤ 10<sup>−4</sup> and a Q-factor around 4. This hybrid design is well suited for applications such as oceanographic research, offshore monitoring, and the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), enabling efficient data transfer between underwater nodes and surface stations.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/499underwater optical wireless communicationmultimode fiberfree space opticsunderwater dronerelaywater attenuation |
| spellingShingle | Mehtab Singh Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb Hassan Yousif Ahmed Medien Zeghid Abu Sufian A. Osman Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data Transmission Photonics underwater optical wireless communication multimode fiber free space optics underwater drone relay water attenuation |
| title | Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data Transmission |
| title_full | Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data Transmission |
| title_fullStr | Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data Transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data Transmission |
| title_short | Seamless Integration of UOWC/MMF/FSO Systems Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams for Enhanced Data Transmission |
| title_sort | seamless integration of uowc mmf fso systems using orbital angular momentum beams for enhanced data transmission |
| topic | underwater optical wireless communication multimode fiber free space optics underwater drone relay water attenuation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/499 |
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