In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus
Triazophos is an organophosphate pesticide and was frequently used to control insect pests on paddy and other crops. It acts by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase leading to insect mortality. The deleterious effects of triazophos on non-target aquatic organisms (such as fish) have been...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Comparative Immunology Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950311625000047 |
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| author | Rakesh Kumar Chandra Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Neha Gupta Devendra Kumar Patel Manish Kumar Tripathi |
| author_facet | Rakesh Kumar Chandra Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Neha Gupta Devendra Kumar Patel Manish Kumar Tripathi |
| author_sort | Rakesh Kumar Chandra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triazophos is an organophosphate pesticide and was frequently used to control insect pests on paddy and other crops. It acts by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase leading to insect mortality. The deleterious effects of triazophos on non-target aquatic organisms (such as fish) have been scarcely investigated. This study was designed to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of triazophos on the spleen and head kidney cells in the snakehead teleost, Channa punctatus. Three in vitro triazophos concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1 µg mL−1) were tested to analyze the production of superoxide anions, nitrite generation, phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. Nitrite release and superoxide production by immune cells from these lymphoid organs were differentially suppressed when the cells were cultured with triazophos. Triazophos significantly suppressed mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, triazophos suppressed the phagocytosis by lymphoid organ cells in a dose-dependent manner. Residual pesticides present in aquatic bodies pose a critical problem and understanding their role in modulating the physiological responses of aquatic organisms is essential. The findings of this study will aid in developing appropriate measures to combat freshwater ecotoxicity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41f6dd7cc2fd47f891236d562ec74652 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2950-3116 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Comparative Immunology Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-41f6dd7cc2fd47f891236d562ec746522025-01-16T04:29:32ZengElsevierComparative Immunology Reports2950-31162025-06-018200198In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatusRakesh Kumar Chandra0Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj1Neha Gupta2Devendra Kumar Patel3Manish Kumar Tripathi4Department of Zoology, School of Studies in Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, School of Studies in Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaAnalytical Chemistry Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, MG Marg. Lucknow, IndiaAnalytical Chemistry Laboratory & Regulatory Toxicology GroupDepartment of Zoology, School of Studies in Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India; Corresponding author.Triazophos is an organophosphate pesticide and was frequently used to control insect pests on paddy and other crops. It acts by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase leading to insect mortality. The deleterious effects of triazophos on non-target aquatic organisms (such as fish) have been scarcely investigated. This study was designed to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of triazophos on the spleen and head kidney cells in the snakehead teleost, Channa punctatus. Three in vitro triazophos concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1 µg mL−1) were tested to analyze the production of superoxide anions, nitrite generation, phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. Nitrite release and superoxide production by immune cells from these lymphoid organs were differentially suppressed when the cells were cultured with triazophos. Triazophos significantly suppressed mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, triazophos suppressed the phagocytosis by lymphoid organ cells in a dose-dependent manner. Residual pesticides present in aquatic bodies pose a critical problem and understanding their role in modulating the physiological responses of aquatic organisms is essential. The findings of this study will aid in developing appropriate measures to combat freshwater ecotoxicity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950311625000047PesticideImmunitySpleenHead kidneyLymphocyte proliferation |
| spellingShingle | Rakesh Kumar Chandra Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Neha Gupta Devendra Kumar Patel Manish Kumar Tripathi In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus Comparative Immunology Reports Pesticide Immunity Spleen Head kidney Lymphocyte proliferation |
| title | In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus |
| title_full | In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus |
| title_fullStr | In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus |
| title_short | In vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell-mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus |
| title_sort | in vitro triazophos suppresses innate and cell mediated immune responses of lymphoid organs in snakehead fish channa punctatus |
| topic | Pesticide Immunity Spleen Head kidney Lymphocyte proliferation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950311625000047 |
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