Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics

Abstract Cervical cancer represents a significant global health challenge, with complex cellular and molecular mechanisms driving its progression from HPV infection to invasive malignancy. This study employed an integrated approach combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcr...

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Main Authors: Peng Xia, Juanhong Zhou, Rong Shen, Degui Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Precision Oncology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-00948-z
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author Peng Xia
Juanhong Zhou
Rong Shen
Degui Wang
author_facet Peng Xia
Juanhong Zhou
Rong Shen
Degui Wang
author_sort Peng Xia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cervical cancer represents a significant global health challenge, with complex cellular and molecular mechanisms driving its progression from HPV infection to invasive malignancy. This study employed an integrated approach combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (stRNA-seq) to comprehensively characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) across different stages of cervical cancer development. Through analysis of samples from normal cervix, HPV-infected normal cervix, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and invasive cervical cancer, we identified distinct cellular populations and their dynamic changes during disease progression. Our findings revealed significant heterogeneity in immune cell populations, particularly highlighting the role of SPP1+ macrophages that were substantially enriched in cervical cancer compared to precancerous and normal tissues. Cell-cell communication networks and spatial mapping demonstrated that SPP1+ macrophages interact extensively with immune cells through the SPP1-CD44 signaling axis. This interaction contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment through modulation of T cell function and promotion of tumor cell survival. Furthermore, high expression of SPP1 correlated with advanced tumor stages and poor overall survival in cervical cancer patients, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Our comprehensive characterization of the cellular landscape and intercellular communication networks in cervical cancer progression provides valuable insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME, particularly through disruption of the SPP1-CD44 axis. These findings establish a foundation for more effective personalized approaches to improve clinical outcomes in cervical cancer patients.
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spelling doaj-art-41f0deab6dfb437c85f2eef0d74635362025-08-20T02:00:08ZengNature Portfolionpj Precision Oncology2397-768X2025-05-019111410.1038/s41698-025-00948-zDeciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomicsPeng Xia0Juanhong Zhou1Rong Shen2Degui Wang3Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityThe First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityAbstract Cervical cancer represents a significant global health challenge, with complex cellular and molecular mechanisms driving its progression from HPV infection to invasive malignancy. This study employed an integrated approach combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (stRNA-seq) to comprehensively characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) across different stages of cervical cancer development. Through analysis of samples from normal cervix, HPV-infected normal cervix, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and invasive cervical cancer, we identified distinct cellular populations and their dynamic changes during disease progression. Our findings revealed significant heterogeneity in immune cell populations, particularly highlighting the role of SPP1+ macrophages that were substantially enriched in cervical cancer compared to precancerous and normal tissues. Cell-cell communication networks and spatial mapping demonstrated that SPP1+ macrophages interact extensively with immune cells through the SPP1-CD44 signaling axis. This interaction contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment through modulation of T cell function and promotion of tumor cell survival. Furthermore, high expression of SPP1 correlated with advanced tumor stages and poor overall survival in cervical cancer patients, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Our comprehensive characterization of the cellular landscape and intercellular communication networks in cervical cancer progression provides valuable insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME, particularly through disruption of the SPP1-CD44 axis. These findings establish a foundation for more effective personalized approaches to improve clinical outcomes in cervical cancer patients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-00948-z
spellingShingle Peng Xia
Juanhong Zhou
Rong Shen
Degui Wang
Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
npj Precision Oncology
title Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
title_full Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
title_fullStr Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
title_short Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
title_sort deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of cervical cancer progression through single cell and spatial transcriptomics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-00948-z
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AT juanhongzhou decipheringthecellularandmolecularlandscapeofcervicalcancerprogressionthroughsinglecellandspatialtranscriptomics
AT rongshen decipheringthecellularandmolecularlandscapeofcervicalcancerprogressionthroughsinglecellandspatialtranscriptomics
AT deguiwang decipheringthecellularandmolecularlandscapeofcervicalcancerprogressionthroughsinglecellandspatialtranscriptomics