The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been a major focus of research in recent years as a crucial factor in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Unfortunately, the precise composition of TME, particularly the immunological and stromal components, remains unknown. In this work, we downlo...
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7952706 |
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| author | Jun Jiang Yan Zhan Jun Li |
| author_facet | Jun Jiang Yan Zhan Jun Li |
| author_sort | Jun Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been a major focus of research in recent years as a crucial factor in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Unfortunately, the precise composition of TME, particularly the immunological and stromal components, remains unknown. In this work, we downloaded the RNA-seq expression profiles and somatic mutation data of 433 bladder cancer cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and then employed a comprehensive bioinformatics approach to evaluate them. Firstly, the expression profiles were used to predict the scores and then the content of immune and stromal cells via the estimate package in R software. We then identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially mutated genes (DMGs) according to the high-stromal score cohort and low-stromal score cohort. Finally, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was the main differentially mutated gene in bladder carcinoma that we discovered after conducting a cross-study on DEGs and DMGs. Follow-up investigation revealed that FGFR3, whose expression correlated inversely with cancer progression stage, appeared to be a protective factor in bladder cancer. The method of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was employed to, respectively, interpret the expression data of FGFR3 in high and low expression lists. We observed that the genes in the low FGFR3 expression list were strongly enriched in the biological processes associated with transplantation and cell adhesion, suggesting the possible role of FGFR3 in predicting TME metastasis status in bladder cancer. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating whether FGFR3 is promising as a biomarker of TME remodeling to explain underlying mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, which may help to make decisions on treatments for bladder cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-41eb43a98a0a4d2ea75736dcc840e4ec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-41eb43a98a0a4d2ea75736dcc840e4ec2025-02-03T01:22:51ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-71562022-01-01202210.1155/2022/7952706The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder CancerJun Jiang0Yan Zhan1Jun Li2Department of OncologyDepartment of OncologyDepartment of OncologyThe tumor microenvironment (TME) has been a major focus of research in recent years as a crucial factor in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Unfortunately, the precise composition of TME, particularly the immunological and stromal components, remains unknown. In this work, we downloaded the RNA-seq expression profiles and somatic mutation data of 433 bladder cancer cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and then employed a comprehensive bioinformatics approach to evaluate them. Firstly, the expression profiles were used to predict the scores and then the content of immune and stromal cells via the estimate package in R software. We then identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially mutated genes (DMGs) according to the high-stromal score cohort and low-stromal score cohort. Finally, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was the main differentially mutated gene in bladder carcinoma that we discovered after conducting a cross-study on DEGs and DMGs. Follow-up investigation revealed that FGFR3, whose expression correlated inversely with cancer progression stage, appeared to be a protective factor in bladder cancer. The method of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was employed to, respectively, interpret the expression data of FGFR3 in high and low expression lists. We observed that the genes in the low FGFR3 expression list were strongly enriched in the biological processes associated with transplantation and cell adhesion, suggesting the possible role of FGFR3 in predicting TME metastasis status in bladder cancer. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating whether FGFR3 is promising as a biomarker of TME remodeling to explain underlying mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, which may help to make decisions on treatments for bladder cancer.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7952706 |
| spellingShingle | Jun Jiang Yan Zhan Jun Li The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer |
| title_full | The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer |
| title_fullStr | The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer |
| title_short | The Role of the Key Differentially Mutated Gene FGFR3 in the Immune Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer |
| title_sort | role of the key differentially mutated gene fgfr3 in the immune microenvironment of bladder cancer |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7952706 |
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